Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Health, Central Virology Laboratory (CVL), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Euro Surveill. 2014 Feb 20;19(7):20709. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.7.20709.
Poliovirus vaccine coverage in Israel is over 90%. The last nine birth cohorts have been vaccinated exclusively with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). However, between February and July 2013 type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) was detected persistently in 10 and intermittently in 8 of 47 environmental surveillance sites in southern and central Israel and in 30 stool samples collected during July from healthy individuals in southern Israel. We report results of sequence and phylogenetic analyses of genes encoding capsid proteins to determine the source and transmission mode of the virus. WPV1 capsid protein 1 nucleotide sequences were most closely related to South Asia (SOAS) cluster R3A polioviruses circulating in Pakistan in 2012 and isolated from Egyptian sewage in December 2012. There was no noticeable geographical clustering within WPV1-positive sites. Uniform codon usage among isolates from Pakistan, Egypt and Israel showed no signs of optimisation or deoptimisation. Bayesian phylogenetic time clock analysis of the entire capsid coding region (2,643 nt) with a 1.1% evolutionary rate indicated that Israeli and Egyptian WPV1-SOAS lineages diverged in September 2012, while Israeli isolates split into two sub-branches after January 2013. This suggests one or more introduction events into Israel with subsequent silent circulation despite high population immunity.
脊髓灰质炎疫苗在以色列的覆盖率超过 90%。过去九批出生队列均仅使用灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）进行接种。然而，2013 年 2 月至 7 月期间，在以色列南部和中部的 47 个环境监测点中的 10 个点持续检测到 1 型野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV1），8 个点间歇性检测到 WPV1；在 7 月期间，还从以色列南部的 30 名健康个体的粪便样本中检测到 WPV1。我们报告了编码衣壳蛋白的基因的序列和系统发育分析结果，以确定病毒的来源和传播模式。WPV1 衣壳蛋白 1 个核苷酸序列与 2012 年在巴基斯坦流行的南亚（SOAS）R3A 脊灰病毒以及 2012 年 12 月从埃及污水中分离出的病毒最为密切相关。WPV1 阳性地点之间没有明显的地理聚类。来自巴基斯坦、埃及和以色列的分离株之间均匀的密码子使用表明没有优化或去优化的迹象。整个衣壳编码区（2643 个核苷酸）的贝叶斯系统发育时间钟分析显示，1.1%的进化率表明，以色列和埃及的 WPV1-SOAS 谱系于 2012 年 9 月分化，而以色列的分离株在 2013 年 1 月后分为两个亚分支。这表明有一个或多个 WPV1 传入事件，尽管人群免疫力很高，但仍存在静默传播。
