Hrybyk G, Rubinstein Rl, Eckert K, Frankowski Ac, Keimig L, Nemec M, Peeples A, Roth E, Doyle Pj
J Hous Elderly. 2012 Jan 1;26(1-3):275-289. doi: 10.1080/02763893.2012.651384.
This paper focuses on stigma in collective living environments for older adults, specifically multi-level campuses. We contrast two design profiles, a purpose-built campus which opened in 1997, and an older setting that grew by accretion over decades. Purpose-built housing is used as originally intended, designed, and constructed; housing built by accretion has been modified over time to meet changing needs and uses. The separation by care levels in both sites is reflected in their cultures as residents and staff relate to physical levels of care through a vocabulary of fear and stigma. Residents of the independent living building on the purpose-built campus refer to the assisted living building, accessed only through a second floor link, as "the other side" or "the dark side." In this setting we observe stigma assigned to a in the built environment. By contrast, in the older setting built by accretion over the last century, levels of care feature a less-structured clustering of independent living and assisted living, and common areas were shared by residents from multiple care levels. We have observed less stigma in this older building. Grounding our analysis in data drawn from ongoing ethnographic research, we focus on the built environment as it relates to stigma in the social environment. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance and pervasiveness of stigma in senior environments.
本文聚焦于老年人集体生活环境中的污名化现象，特别是多层校园环境。我们对比了两种设计模式，一种是1997年启用的专门建造的校园，另一种是历经数十年逐渐发展起来的旧有环境。专门建造的住房按最初的意图、设计和建造用途使用；逐渐发展起来的住房随着时间推移经过改造以满足不断变化的需求和用途。两个场所中护理级别上的区分在其文化中有所体现，因为居民和工作人员通过恐惧和污名化的表述来关联护理的实际级别。专门建造的校园中独立生活楼的居民将仅通过二楼通道进入的辅助生活楼称为“另一边”或“黑暗面”。在这种环境中，我们观察到建筑环境中存在对某个区域的污名化。相比之下，在上个世纪逐渐发展起来的旧有环境中，护理级别呈现出独立生活和辅助生活的结构较松散的聚集状态，多个护理级别的居民共享公共区域。我们在这座旧建筑中观察到较少的污名化现象。基于正在进行的人种学研究得出的数据进行分析，我们关注建筑环境与社会环境中的污名化之间的关系。本文最后讨论了污名化在老年环境中的重要性和普遍性。
