Mayo Christie E, Mullens Bradley A, Reisen William K, Osborne Cameron J, Gibbs E Paul J, Gardner Ian A, MacLachlan N James
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 12;9(9):e106975. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106975. eCollection 2014.
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the cause of an economically important arboviral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. The occurrence of BTV infection of livestock is distinctly seasonal in temperate regions of the world, thus we determined the dynamics of BTV infection (using BTV-specific real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) among sentinel cattle and vector Culicoides sonorensis (C. sonorensis) midges on a dairy farm in northern California throughout both the seasonal and interseasonal (overwintering) periods of BTV activity from August 2012 until March 2014. The data confirmed widespread infection of both sentinel cattle and vector midges during the August-November period of seasonal BTV transmission, however BTV infection of parous female midges captured in traps set during daylight hours also was detected in February of both 2013 and 2014, during the interseasonal period. The finding of BTV-infected vector midges during mid-winter suggests that BTV may overwinter in northern California by infection of long-lived female C. sonorensis midges that were infected during the prior seasonal period of virus transmission, and reemerged sporadically during the overwintering period; however the data do not definitively preclude other potential mechanisms of BTV overwintering that are also discussed.
蓝舌病病毒（BTV）是引起家畜和野生反刍动物一种具有重要经济影响的虫媒病毒病的病原体。在世界温带地区，家畜感染BTV具有明显的季节性，因此我们在2012年8月至2014年3月BTV活动的季节和季节间（越冬）期间，使用BTV特异性实时逆转录聚合酶链反应，测定了加利福尼亚州北部一个奶牛场的哨兵牛和媒介昆虫索诺拉库蠓（C. sonorensis）中BTV感染的动态情况。数据证实，在季节性BTV传播的8月至11月期间，哨兵牛和媒介蠓均广泛感染，但在2013年和2014年2月的季节间期间，在白天设置的诱捕器中捕获的已产卵雌蠓也检测到了BTV感染。在冬季中期发现感染BTV的媒介蠓表明，BTV可能通过感染在之前病毒传播季节被感染的长寿雌索诺拉库蠓，在加利福尼亚州北部越冬，并在越冬期间零星出现；然而，数据并没有明确排除其他潜在的BTV越冬机制，本文也对此进行了讨论。
