Illinois Natural History Survey - Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 27;12(1):6888. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10694-y.
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) and bluetongue (BT) are vector-borne viral diseases that affect wild and domestic ruminants. Clinical signs of EHD and BT are similar; thus, the syndrome is referred to as hemorrhagic disease (HD). Syndromic surveillance and virus detection in North America reveal a northern expansion of HD. High mortalities at northern latitudes suggest recent incursions of HD viruses into northern geographic areas. We evaluated the occurrence of HD in wild Illinois white-tailed deer from 1982 to 2019. Our retrospective space-time analysis identified high-rate clusters of HD cases from 2006 to 2019. The pattern of northward expansion indicates changes in virus-host-vector interactions. Serological evidence from harvested deer revealed prior infection with BTV. However, BTV was not detected from virus isolation in dead deer sampled during outbreaks. Our findings suggest the value of capturing the precise geographic location of outbreaks, the importance of virus isolation to confirm the cause of an outbreak, and the importance of expanding HD surveillance to hunter-harvested wild white-tailed deer. Similarly, it assists in predicting future outbreaks, allowing for targeted disease and vector surveillance, helping wildlife agencies communicate with the public the cause of mortality events and viral hemorrhagic disease outcomes at local and regional scales.
动物流行病出血热（EHD）和蓝舌病（BT）是两种由媒介传播的病毒性疾病，会影响野生和家养反刍动物。EHD 和 BT 的临床症状相似；因此，该综合征被称为出血热（HD）。在北美，通过综合征监测和病毒检测发现 HD 呈向北扩张的趋势。高死亡率出现在北纬地区，表明 HD 病毒最近已侵入北方地理区域。我们评估了 1982 年至 2019 年期间野生伊利诺伊白尾鹿中的 HD 发生情况。我们的回溯时空分析确定了 2006 年至 2019 年期间 HD 病例的高发率集群。北扩模式表明病毒-宿主-媒介相互作用发生了变化。从收获的鹿中获得的血清学证据表明，此前曾感染过 BTV。然而，从爆发期间采集的死鹿中进行病毒分离并未检测到 BTV。我们的研究结果表明，精确捕捉疫情发生的确切地理位置具有重要意义，病毒分离对于确认疫情原因也很重要，此外，扩大 HD 监测范围以涵盖猎捕的野生白尾鹿也很重要。同样，这有助于预测未来的疫情爆发，从而可以有针对性地进行疾病和媒介监测，帮助野生动物机构在地方和区域范围内向公众传达死亡事件和病毒性出血热的原因。
