a Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India.
b Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(1):160-79. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2013.787969.
This review represents systematic and integrated picture of pesticide exposure to plant and its effect on growth and metabolism. Decades ago, agrochemicals were introduced aiming at enhancing crop yields and protecting crops from pests. Due to adaptation and resistance developed by pests to chemicals, every year higher amounts and new chemical compounds are used to protect crops, causing undesired side effects and raising the costs of food production. Biological chemical free agriculture is gaining also more and more support but it is still not able to respond to the need for producing massive amounts of food. The use of agrochemicals, including pesticides, remains a common practice especially in tropical regions and South countries. Cheap compounds, such as DDT, HCH, and Lindane, that are environmentally persistent, are today banned from agriculture use in developed countries, but remain popular in developing countries. As a consequence, persistent residues of these chemicals contaminate food and disperse in the environment. Therefore, the thrust of this paper was to review the application of pesticides effect early from germination to growth of the plant, leading to alteration in biochemical, physiological and different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants which ultimately affect the yield and resulted in residues in plant, vegetables, and fruits.
这篇综述代表了对植物接触农药及其对生长和代谢影响的系统和综合描述。几十年前，引入了农用化学品，旨在提高作物产量并保护作物免受虫害。由于害虫对化学品的适应性和抗性的发展，每年都需要使用更高的剂量和新的化合物来保护作物，这会造成不良的副作用，并增加食品生产的成本。生物化学无污染农业也越来越受到支持，但它仍然无法满足生产大量食物的需求。农用化学品的使用，包括农药，仍然是一种常见的做法，特别是在热带地区和南方国家。廉价的化合物，如滴滴涕、六氯环己烷和林丹，在环境中持久存在，虽然在发达国家已被禁止用于农业，但在发展中国家仍然很受欢迎。因此，这些化学物质的持久性残留会污染食物并在环境中扩散。因此，本文的重点是综述农药对植物从发芽到生长早期的应用效果，导致生化、生理和不同酶和非酶抗氧化剂的改变，最终影响产量，并导致植物、蔬菜和水果中的残留。
