Loos Helene M, Doucet Sébastien, Soussignan Robert, Hartmann Constanze, Durand Karine, Dittrich Ralf, Sagot Paul, Buettner Andrea, Schaal Benoist
Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 9, 91052 Erlangen, Germany, Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany,
Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 9, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
Chem Senses. 2014 Oct;39(8):693-703. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bju041.
The odorous steroid 5α-androst-16-en-3-one (AND) occurs in numerous biological fluids in mammals, including man, where it is believed to play a chemocommunicative role. As AND was recently detected in milk and amniotic fluid, sensitivity and hedonic responses to this substance were assessed in human neonates. To this aim, respiration and facial expressions were recorded in 3-day-old newborns in response to aqueous solutions of AND, ranging from 500ng/mL to 0.5 fg/mL. Although analyses of respiratory rate did not lead to clear-cut results, the newborns changed their facial expressions at concentrations not detected by adults in a triangle test. Newborns displayed negative facial actions of longer duration to AND relative to an odorless control. Thus, AND may be considered to be offensive to newborns, which is a counterintuitive outcome as they are exposed to this compound in the womb (and it should therefore be familiar), in milk, and on the mother's skin surface (and it should therefore be conditioned as positive). Multiple reasons for this perceptual-behavioral paradox are discussed.
有气味的甾体5α-雄甾-16-烯-3-酮（AND）存在于包括人类在内的哺乳动物的多种生物体液中，据信它在化学通讯中发挥作用。由于最近在牛奶和羊水中检测到了AND，因此对人类新生儿对该物质的敏感性和享乐反应进行了评估。为此，记录了3日龄新生儿对浓度范围从500ng/mL到0.5fg/mL的AND水溶液的呼吸和面部表情。尽管对呼吸频率的分析没有得出明确的结果，但新生儿在三角试验中对成人未检测到的浓度改变了面部表情。相对于无味对照，新生儿对AND表现出持续时间更长的负面面部动作。因此，AND可能被认为对新生儿具有冒犯性，这是一个违反直觉的结果，因为他们在子宫内就接触到这种化合物（因此应该熟悉），在牛奶中以及母亲的皮肤表面（因此应该被视为是正面的）。本文讨论了这种感知行为悖论的多种原因。
