Willershausen Ines, Wolf Thomas, Weyer Veronika, Sader Robert, Ghanaati Shahram, Willershausen Brita
Department for Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Head Face Med. 2014 Sep 15;10:39. doi: 10.1186/1746-160X-10-39.
Over the last years, electronic cigarettes (ECs) have become more popular, particularly in individuals who want to give up smoking tobacco. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the different e-smoking liquids on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
For this study six test solutions with components from ECs were selected: lime-, hazelnut- and menthol-flavored liquids, nicotine, propylene glycol, and PBS as control group. The fibroblasts were incubated up to 96 h with the different liquids, and cell viability was measured by using the PrestoBlue® reagent, the ATP detection and the migration assay. Fluorescence staining was carried out to visualize cell growth and morphology. Data were statistically analyzed by two-tailed one-way ANOVA.
The cell viability assay showed that the proliferation rates of the cells incubated with nicotine or the various flavored liquids of the e-cigarettes were reduced in comparison to the controls, though not all reductions were statistically significant. After an incubation of 96 h with the menthol-flavored liquid the fibroblasts were statistically significant reduced (p < 0.001). Similar results were found for the detection of ATP in fibroblasts; the incubation with menthol-flavored liquids (p < 0.001) led to a statistically significant reduction. The cell visualization tests confirmed these findings.
Within its limits, the present in vitro study demonstrated that menthol additives of e-smoking have a harmful effect on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. This might indicate that menthol additives should be avoided for e-cigarettes.
在过去几年中，电子烟变得越来越流行，尤其是在那些想要戒烟的人群中。本研究的目的是评估不同电子烟液对人牙周膜成纤维细胞活力和增殖的影响。
本研究选择了六种含有电子烟成分的测试溶液：青柠味、榛果味和薄荷味液体、尼古丁、丙二醇，以及作为对照组的磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）。将成纤维细胞与不同液体孵育长达96小时，使用普洛麦格公司的碧色法细胞活力检测试剂、ATP检测和迁移试验来测量细胞活力。进行荧光染色以观察细胞生长和形态。数据采用双侧单因素方差分析进行统计学分析。
细胞活力测定表明，与对照组相比，用尼古丁或各种电子烟调味液孵育的细胞增殖率有所降低，尽管并非所有降低都具有统计学意义。用薄荷味液体孵育96小时后，成纤维细胞数量在统计学上显著减少（p < 0.001）。在成纤维细胞中检测ATP时也发现了类似结果；用薄荷味液体孵育（p < 0.001）导致统计学上的显著降低。细胞可视化测试证实了这些发现。
在其局限性范围内，本体外研究表明电子烟中的薄荷添加剂对人牙周膜成纤维细胞有有害影响。这可能表明电子烟应避免使用薄荷添加剂。
