Intraub H, Richardson M
Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1989 Mar;15(2):179-87. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.15.2.179.
We report a picture-memory phenomenon in which subjects' recall and recognition of photographed scenes reveal a pronounced extension of the pictures' boundaries. After viewing 20 pictures for 15 s each, 37 undergraduates exhibited this striking distortion; 95% of their drawings included information that had not been physically present but that would have been likely to have existed just outside the camera's field of view (Experiment 1). To determine if boundary extension is limited to recall and drawing ability, Experiment 2 tested recognition memory for boundaries. Eighty-five undergraduates rated targets and distractors on a boundary-placement scale. Subjects rated target pictures as being closer up than before and frequently mistook extended-boundary distractors as targets. Results are discussed in terms of picture comprehension and memory. In addition to its theoretical value, discovery of the phenomenon demonstrates the importance of more widespread use of open-ended tests in picture-memory methodology.
我们报告了一种图像记忆现象，即受试者对拍摄场景的回忆和识别显示出图片边界的显著扩展。37名本科生在对20张图片各观看15秒后，表现出了这种惊人的扭曲；他们95%的绘图包含了实际未出现但很可能存在于相机视野之外的信息（实验1）。为了确定边界扩展是否仅限于回忆和绘图能力，实验2测试了对边界的识别记忆。85名本科生在边界放置量表上对目标和干扰项进行评分。受试者将目标图片的评级比之前更靠近，并且经常将边界扩展的干扰项误认成目标。我们从图片理解和记忆的角度对结果进行了讨论。除了其理论价值外，该现象的发现还表明了在图像记忆方法中更广泛使用开放式测试的重要性。
