Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 ShandaNanlu, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Feb;22(4):2925-34. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3553-9. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
The long start-up time of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process hinders the widespread application of anammox technology in practical wastewater treatment when anammox seed sludge is not available. Meanwhile, the production of nitrate cannot meet the increasingly more strict discharge standards. To combine the chemical nitrate reduction to ammonium with biological nitrogen removal, two anammox upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors packed with different types of zero-valent iron (ZVI), microscale ZVI (mZVI) and nanoscale ZVI (nZVI), were developed to accelerate the start-up of anammox process. The results revealed that anammox start-up time shortened from 126 to 105 and 84 days with the addition of mZVI and nZVI. The nitrogen removal performance was also improved remarkably by adding ZVI, especially in the start-up stage. The value of dissolved oxygen showed that ZVI could be regarded as a useful deoxidant to create anaerobic condition for the proliferation of anammox bacteria. ZVI was favorable for the secretion of EPS, which would represent the activity of anammox bacteria. The result of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) further confirmed that the proliferation of anammox bacteria was enhanced by ZVI.
厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）过程的启动时间较长，当没有 Anammox 接种污泥时，会阻碍 Anammox 技术在实际废水处理中的广泛应用。同时，硝酸盐的产量也无法满足日益严格的排放标准。为了将化学硝酸盐还原为铵与生物脱氮相结合，开发了两个分别填充不同类型零价铁（ZVI）、微观尺度零价铁（mZVI）和纳米尺度零价铁（nZVI）的上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB）来加速 Anammox 过程的启动。结果表明，添加 mZVI 和 nZVI 可将 Anammox 的启动时间从 126 天缩短至 105 天和 84 天。添加 ZVI 还显著提高了氮去除性能，特别是在启动阶段。溶解氧的值表明，ZVI 可以作为一种有用的还原剂，为 Anammox 细菌的增殖创造厌氧条件。ZVI 有利于 EPS 的分泌，这代表了 Anammox 细菌的活性。实时定量 PCR（qPCR）的结果进一步证实，ZVI 促进了 Anammox 细菌的增殖。
