Silva Marcos Gontijo da, Câmara Joseneide Teixeira, Vinaud Marina Clare, Castro Ana Maria de
Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Regional de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, MA, Brazil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2014 Jul;47(4):469-75. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0127-2014.
Knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii dissemination among pregnant women is relevant because the parasite can be spread from mother to infant. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women from Gurupi, State of Tocantins, Brazil, from February 2012 to June 2013.
The study population included 487 pregnant women. Sociodemographic, dietary and cultural data were collected using a standardized and validated form. Peripheral blood was collected for serologic testing using the ELISA test (IgM/IgG antibodies). The data were analyzed by comparing seropositivity with risk factors using crude and adjusted odds ratios.
The prevalence rate for IgG and IgM antibodies was 68.7% and 5.7%, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with toxoplasmosis risk included the following: education level ≤ 8 years (OR: 6.612; CI: 1.450-30.144), age ≥ 30 years (OR: 5.273; CI: 1.166-23.844), working outside the home (OR: 1.604; CI: 1.015-2.536), and family income of two minimum wages or lower (OR: 2.700; CI: 1.891-8.182). Regarding dietary habits, there was a significant association of seropositivity with meat intake (OR: 1.78; CI: 1.149-4.080), cutting vegetables without washing the cutting board beforehand (OR: 2.051; CI: 1.165-3.614), frequent intake of vegetables (OR: 2.051; CI: 1.368-3.006) and in natura milk intake (OR: 2.422; CI: 1.014-5.785).
The high prevalence rates of toxoplasmosis in Gurupi are related to age, raw meat and in natura milk intake, as well as education level, working outside the home, and poor hygienic habits during meal preparation.
了解孕妇中弓形虫传播的患病率和风险因素至关重要，因为该寄生虫可由母亲传播给婴儿。本研究的目的是评估2012年2月至2013年6月期间巴西托坎廷斯州古鲁皮市孕妇弓形虫病的流行病学及风险因素。
研究人群包括487名孕妇。使用标准化且经过验证的表格收集社会人口统计学、饮食和文化数据。采集外周血，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清学指标（IgM/IgG抗体）。通过使用粗比值比和调整后的比值比，将血清阳性率与风险因素进行比较，对数据进行分析。
IgG和IgM抗体的患病率分别为68.7%和5.7%。与弓形虫病风险相关的社会人口统计学特征包括：教育程度≤8年（比值比：6.612；可信区间：1.450 - 30.144）、年龄≥30岁（比值比：5.273；可信区间：1.166 - 23.844）、外出工作（比值比：1.604；可信区间：1.015 - 2.536）以及家庭收入为两个最低工资或更低（比值比：2.700；可信区间：1.891 - 8.182）。关于饮食习惯，血清阳性率与肉类摄入（比值比：1.78；可信区间：1.149 - 4.080）、切菜前不事先清洗案板（比值比：2.051；可信区间：1.165 - 3.614）、频繁摄入蔬菜（比值比：2.051；可信区间：1.368 - 3.006）以及饮用天然牛奶（比值比：2.422；可信区间：1.014 - 5.785）之间存在显著关联。
古鲁皮市弓形虫病的高患病率与年龄、生肉和天然牛奶摄入有关，也与教育程度、外出工作以及 meal preparation期间不良的卫生习惯有关。 （注：“meal preparation”直译为“ meal preparation”，可能是“做饭”等意思，原文此处表述不太准确完整）
