社区精神病学的成就。
Community psychiatry's achievements.
作者信息
Burns T
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Warneford Hospital,Oxford OX3 7JX.
出版信息
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2014 Dec;23(4):337-44. doi: 10.1017/S2045796014000560. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
Mental health care in the second half of the 20th century in much of the developed world has been dominated by the move out from large asylums. Both in response to this move and to make it possible, a pattern of care has evolved which is most commonly referred to as 'Community Psychiatry'. This narrative review describes this process, from local experimentation into the current era of evidence-based mental health care. It focuses on three main areas of this development: (i) the reprovision of care for those discharged during deinstitutionalisation; (ii) the evolution and evaluation of its characteristic feature the Community Mental Health Team; and (iii) the increasing sophistication of psychosocial interventions developed to support patients. It finishes with an overview of some current challenges.
在20世纪下半叶，发达国家的大部分地区，精神卫生保健领域一直以从大型精神病院撤离为主导。为响应这一举措并使其成为可能，一种护理模式逐渐形成，这种模式最常被称为“社区精神病学”。这篇叙述性综述描述了这一过程，从局部试验到当前基于证据的精神卫生保健时代。它聚焦于这一发展的三个主要领域：（i）为去机构化期间出院的患者重新提供护理；（ii）其特色机构社区精神卫生团队的演变与评估；（iii）为支持患者而开发的社会心理干预措施日益复杂。最后概述了一些当前面临的挑战。
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