一项对现代托斯卡纳人的全基因组研究：重新审视希罗多德关于伊特鲁里亚人起源的理论。
A genome-wide study of modern-day Tuscans: revisiting Herodotus's theory on the origin of the Etruscans.
作者信息
Pardo-Seco Jacobo, Gómez-Carballa Alberto, Amigo Jorge, Martinón-Torres Federico, Salas Antonio
机构信息
Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain.
Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 17;9(9):e105920. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105920. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
The origin of the Etruscan civilization (Etruria, Central Italy) is a long-standing subject of debate among scholars from different disciplines. The bulk of the information has been reconstructed from ancient texts and archaeological findings and, in the last few years, through the analysis of uniparental genetic markers.
METHODS
By meta-analyzing genome-wide data from The 1000 Genomes Project and the literature, we were able to compare the genomic patterns (>540,000 SNPs) of present day Tuscans (N = 98) with other population groups from the main hypothetical source populations, namely, Europe and the Middle East.
RESULTS
Admixture analysis indicates the presence of 25-34% of Middle Eastern component in modern Tuscans. Different analyses have been carried out using identity-by-state (IBS) values and genetic distances point to Eastern Anatolia/Southern Caucasus as the most likely geographic origin of the main Middle Eastern genetic component observed in the genome of modern Tuscans.
CONCLUSIONS
The data indicate that the admixture event between local Tuscans and Middle Easterners could have occurred in Central Italy about 2,600-3,100 years ago (y.a.). On the whole, the results validate the theory of the ancient historian Herodotus on the origin of Etruscans.
背景
伊特鲁里亚文明（意大利中部的伊特鲁里亚地区）的起源长期以来一直是不同学科的学者们争论的话题。大部分信息是根据古代文献和考古发现重建的，并且在过去几年中，通过对单亲遗传标记的分析来获取。
方法
通过对来自千人基因组计划的全基因组数据和文献进行荟萃分析，我们能够将现今托斯卡纳人（N = 98）的基因组模式（>540,000个单核苷酸多态性）与来自主要假设源人群（即欧洲和中东）的其他人群组进行比较。
结果
混合分析表明现代托斯卡纳人中有25%-34%的中东成分。使用状态相同（IBS）值进行了不同的分析，遗传距离表明东安纳托利亚/南高加索地区是现代托斯卡纳人基因组中观察到的主要中东遗传成分最可能的地理起源。
结论
数据表明当地托斯卡纳人和中东人之间的混合事件可能发生在约2600-3100年前（y.a.）的意大利中部。总体而言，结果验证了古代历史学家希罗多德关于伊特鲁里亚人起源的理论。
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