Department of clinical services, Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
J Affect Disord. 2015 Jan 1;170:46-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.050. Epub 2014 Sep 4.
In April 2011, a post-election violent conflict in northern Nigeria led to resettlement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in a camp in Kaduna, the worst affected state. We set out to determine the prevalence of depression among the IDPs. We also determined socio-demographic and other correlates of depression among the IDPs.
Cross-sectional systematic random sampling was used to select 258 adults IDPs. We used the Hopkins symptom checklist to diagnose probable depression, composite international diagnostic interview for diagnosis of definite depression and communal trauma event inventory to determine exposure to psycho-trauma. We assessed social adjustment using social provision scale and Harvard trauma questionnaire to diagnose "symptomatic PTSD". Multiple logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of depression.
Of the 258 IDPs, 154 (59.7%) had probable depression, and 42 (16.3%) had definite depression. Females were more likely to have probable depression (1.68, 95% CI 1.02-2.78; p=0.04) and definite depression (2.69, 1.31-5.54; p= 0.006). IDPs with co-morbid PTSD were more likely to have probable depression (16.9, 8.15-35.13; p<0.000) and definite depression (3.79,1.86-7.71; p<0.000). A comorbid CIDI diagnosis of PTSD (AOR 16.6, 7.2-38.6; p<0.000) and psycho-trauma of getting beaten (AOR 2.7, 1.1-6.7; p=0.004) remained as independent predictors of probable depression among the IDPs. The male gender remained a protective factor against probable depression (AOR 0.3, 0.1-0.7; p= 0.006).
This study was conducted 2 years post-conflict and only IDPs living in the camps were studied.
IDPs living in Hajj camp in Kaduna, northern Nigeria developed post-conflict probable depression and definite depression. Female gender, experienced beating and comorbid diagnosis of PTSD were independent predictors of probable depression among the IDPs, while IDPs that were unemployed or retired had more of definitive depression.
2011 年 4 月，尼日利亚北部选举后暴力冲突导致国内流离失所者（IDPs）在卡杜纳州的一个营地重新安置，该州是受灾最严重的州。我们旨在确定 IDPs 中抑郁症的患病率。我们还确定了 IDPs 中抑郁的社会人口学和其他相关因素。
采用横断面系统随机抽样法选择 258 名成年 IDPs。我们使用 Hopkins 症状检查表来诊断可能的抑郁症，使用复合国际诊断访谈来诊断明确的抑郁症，使用社区创伤事件清单来确定心理创伤的暴露情况。我们使用社会供应量表和哈佛创伤问卷来评估社会适应情况，以诊断“有症状的 PTSD”。采用多因素逻辑回归分析确定抑郁症的独立预测因素。
在 258 名 IDPs 中，有 154 名（59.7%）患有可能的抑郁症，有 42 名（16.3%）患有明确的抑郁症。女性更有可能患有可能的抑郁症（1.68，95%CI 1.02-2.78；p=0.04）和明确的抑郁症（2.69，1.31-5.54；p=0.006）。患有合并 PTSD 的 IDPs 更有可能患有可能的抑郁症（16.9，8.15-35.13；p<0.000）和明确的抑郁症（3.79，1.86-7.71；p<0.000）。合并 CIDI 诊断为 PTSD（AOR 16.6，7.2-38.6；p<0.000）和被殴打（AOR 2.7，1.1-6.7；p=0.004）的心理创伤仍然是 IDPs 中可能发生抑郁症的独立预测因素。男性仍然是预防可能发生抑郁症的保护因素（AOR 0.3，0.1-0.7；p=0.006）。
本研究是在冲突发生后 2 年进行的，仅研究了居住在难民营中的 IDPs。
居住在尼日利亚北部卡杜纳州 Hajj 难民营的 IDPs 患有冲突后可能的抑郁症和明确的抑郁症。女性、被殴打和合并 PTSD 的诊断是 IDPs 中可能发生抑郁症的独立预测因素，而失业或退休的 IDPs 更有可能患有明确的抑郁症。
