Yurgel Maria E, Masek Pavel, DiAngelo Justin, Keene Alex C
Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2015 Sep;201(9):869-77. doi: 10.1007/s00359-014-0936-9. Epub 2014 Sep 19.
Dysregulation of sleep and metabolism has enormous health consequences. Sleep loss is linked to increased appetite and insulin insensitivity, and epidemiological studies link chronic sleep deprivation to obesity-related disorders including type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Interactions between sleep and metabolism involve the integration of signaling from brain regions regulating sleep, feeding, and metabolic function. Investigating the relationship between these processes provides a model to address more general questions of how the brain prioritizes homeostatically regulated behaviors. The availability of powerful genetic tools in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, allows for precise manipulation of neural function in freely behaving animals. There is a strong conservation of genes and neural circuit principles regulating sleep and metabolic function, and genetic screens in fruit flies have been effective in identifying novel regulators of these processes. Here, we review recent findings in the fruit fly that further our understanding of how the brain modulates sleep in accordance with metabolic state.
睡眠和新陈代谢的失调会对健康造成巨大影响。睡眠不足与食欲增加和胰岛素不敏感有关，流行病学研究将慢性睡眠剥夺与肥胖相关疾病（包括II型糖尿病和心血管疾病）联系起来。睡眠与新陈代谢之间的相互作用涉及调节睡眠、进食和代谢功能的脑区信号整合。研究这些过程之间的关系提供了一个模型，以解决大脑如何优先处理稳态调节行为这一更普遍的问题。果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）中强大的遗传工具的可用性，使得在自由活动的动物中能够精确操纵神经功能。调节睡眠和代谢功能的基因和神经回路原理具有很强的保守性，果蝇中的基因筛选在识别这些过程的新型调节因子方面很有效。在这里，我们综述了果蝇的最新研究发现，这些发现进一步加深了我们对大脑如何根据代谢状态调节睡眠的理解。
