Saumet Anne, Mathelier Anthony, Lecellier Charles-Henri
Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henri IV, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4.
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:642916. doi: 10.1155/2014/642916. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
MicroRNAs orchestrate the expression of the genome and impact many, if not all, cellular processes. Their deregulation is thus often causative of human malignancies, including cancers. Numerous studies have implicated microRNAs in the different steps of tumorigenesis including initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemo/radiotherapies. Thus, microRNAs constitute appealing targets for novel anticancer therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring their expression or function. As microRNAs are present in a variety of human cancer types, microRNA profiles can be used as tumor-specific signatures to detect various cancers (diagnosis), to predict their outcome (prognosis), and to monitor their treatment (theranosis). In this review, we present the different aspects of microRNA biology that make them remarkable molecules in the emerging field of personalized medicine against cancers and provide several examples of their industrial exploitation.
微小RNA调控基因组的表达，并影响许多（即便不是所有）细胞过程。因此，它们的失调常常是包括癌症在内的人类恶性肿瘤的病因。众多研究表明，微小RNA参与肿瘤发生的不同阶段，包括起始、进展、转移以及对化疗/放疗的抗性。因此，微小RNA构成了旨在恢复其表达或功能的新型抗癌治疗策略的诱人靶点。由于微小RNA存在于多种人类癌症类型中，微小RNA图谱可作为肿瘤特异性特征用于检测各种癌症（诊断）、预测其结果（预后）以及监测其治疗（诊疗一体化）。在本综述中，我们阐述了微小RNA生物学的不同方面，这些方面使其成为新兴的癌症个性化医学领域中的卓越分子，并提供了它们在工业应用中的几个实例。
