Witorsch R J, Witorsch P
Offentl Gesundheitswes. 1989 Feb;51(2):78-83.
To date, at least 24 epidemiologic research papers, of essentially similar design, have been published on the effects of current or lifetime parental smoking on pulmonary function parameters in children. In these studies, parental smoking and other data obtained from standardized questionnaires and spirometric measurements in children were compared statistically according to the smoking status of the parents. A survey of these reports reveals a number of inconsistencies in the association between parental smoking status and pulmonary function parameters (FEV1 or FEV0.75, FEF25-75, FVC, and Vmax50%) in the child. A number of factors should be considered when interpreting the results of these studies, particularly in light of the observed inconsistencies and the fact that children were classified solely on the basis of questionnaire data. Among these are sources of misclassification bias, which could either underestimate or overestimate parental smoking effect, socioeconomic status, other variables, and genetic factors. Also, effects of maternal smoking in utero or on lactation, as well as exposure of the child to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), need to be considered as possible causes of any apparent decrement in pulmonary function in children.
迄今为止，至少有24篇设计基本相似的流行病学研究论文发表，内容是关于当前或终生父母吸烟对儿童肺功能参数的影响。在这些研究中，根据父母的吸烟状况，对父母吸烟情况以及从标准化问卷和儿童肺功能测量中获得的其他数据进行了统计学比较。对这些报告的调查显示，父母吸烟状况与儿童肺功能参数（第一秒用力呼气量或0.75秒用力呼气量、25%-75%用力呼气流量、用力肺活量和50%最大呼气流量）之间的关联存在一些不一致之处。在解释这些研究结果时，应考虑许多因素，特别是鉴于观察到的不一致情况以及儿童仅根据问卷数据进行分类这一事实。其中包括错误分类偏差的来源，这可能会低估或高估父母吸烟的影响、社会经济地位、其他变量和遗传因素。此外，还需要考虑母亲孕期吸烟或哺乳期吸烟的影响，以及儿童接触环境烟草烟雾（ETS）的情况，这些都可能是儿童肺功能出现任何明显下降的原因。
