Windhorst Dafna A, Mileva-Seitz Viara R, Linting Mariëlle, Hofman Albert, Jaddoe Vincent W V, Verhulst Frank C, Tiemeier Henning, van IJzendoorn Marinus H, Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J
Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Dev Psychobiol. 2015 Jan;57(1):35-49. doi: 10.1002/dev.21257. Epub 2014 Sep 23.
This study is the first to investigate the longitudinal effects of gene-environment interplay between DRD4 genotype and maternal sensitivity on child externalizing behavior. Multiple measures of maternal sensitivity (14, 36, and 48 months) and externalizing behavior (18 months, 36 months, and 5 years) were assessed in a large cohort study (N = 548). Early maternal insensitivity (14 months) was associated with early externalizing behavior (18 months) in a for better and for worse manner, but only in children with at least one DRD4 7-repeat, consistent with a differential susceptibility model. Later insensitivity (48 months) predicted externalizing behavior at age 5 independent of DRD4 genotype. A structural equation model including all measures across time supported the differential susceptibility model: The overall effect of early maternal sensitivity on later externalizing behavior was significant only for children with a DRD4 7-repeat allele. The results highlight the importance of studying gene-environment interactions across development.
本研究首次探讨了DRD4基因分型与母亲敏感性之间的基因 - 环境相互作用对儿童外化行为的纵向影响。在一项大型队列研究（N = 548）中，对母亲敏感性（14、36和48个月）和外化行为（18个月、36个月和5岁）进行了多项测量。早期母亲不敏感（14个月）与早期外化行为（18个月）以好坏参半的方式相关，但仅在至少有一个DRD4 7重复等位基因的儿童中如此，这与差异易感性模型一致。后期不敏感（48个月）独立于DRD4基因分型预测了5岁时的外化行为。一个包含所有时间点测量值的结构方程模型支持差异易感性模型：早期母亲敏感性对后期外化行为的总体影响仅在具有DRD4 7重复等位基因的儿童中显著。结果突出了研究跨发育阶段基因 - 环境相互作用的重要性。
