GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
ADM, Rue de l'Eglise, Château-Thierry Cedex, France.
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Aug 17;11(4):e0069423. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00694-23. Epub 2023 Jun 26.
Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets impair welfare, induce economic losses and lead to overuse of antibiotics. The early life gut microbiota was proposed to contribute to the susceptibility to PWD. The objective of our study was to evaluate in a large cohort of 116 piglets raised in 2 separate farms whether the gut microbiota composition and functions during the suckling period were associated with the later development of PWD. The fecal microbiota and metabolome were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and nuclear magnetic based resonance at postnatal day 13 in male and female piglets. The later development of PWD was recorded for the same animals from weaning (day 21) to day 54. The gut microbiota structure and α-diversity during the suckling period were not associated with the later development of PWD. There was no significant difference in the relative abundances of bacterial taxa in suckling piglets that later developed PWD. The predicted functionality of the gut microbiota and the fecal metabolome signature during the suckling period were not linked to the later development of PWD. Trimethylamine was the bacterial metabolite which fecal concentration during the suckling period was the most strongly associated with the later development of PWD. However, experiments in piglet colon organoids showed that trimethylamine did not disrupt epithelial homeostasis and is thus not likely to predispose to PWD through this mechanism. In conclusion, our data suggest that the early life microbiota is not a major factor underlying the susceptibility to PWD in piglets. This study shows that the fecal microbiota composition and metabolic activity are similar in suckling piglets (13 days after birth) that either later develop post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) or not, which is a major threat for animal welfare that also causes important economic losses and antibiotic treatments in pig production. The aim of this work was to study a large cohort of piglets raised in separates environments, which is a major factor influencing the early life microbiota. One of the main findings is that, although the fecal concentration of trimethylamine in suckling piglets was associated with the later development of PWD, this gut microbiota-derived metabolite did not disrupt the epithelial homeostasis in organoids derived from the pig colon. Overall, this study suggests that the gut microbiota during the suckling period is not a major factor underlying the susceptibility of piglets to PWD.
仔猪断奶后腹泻（PWD）会损害福利，导致经济损失，并导致抗生素过度使用。早期肠道微生物群被认为有助于仔猪对 PWD 的易感性。我们的研究目的是在两个独立农场饲养的 116 头仔猪的大队列中评估，在哺乳期期间肠道微生物群落的组成和功能是否与后期 PWD 的发展有关。在雄性和雌性仔猪的产后第 13 天通过 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序和基于核磁共振分析粪便微生物群和代谢组。对同一动物从断奶（第 21 天）到第 54 天的 PWD 后期发展进行记录。哺乳期肠道微生物群结构和 α多样性与 PWD 后期发展无关。在后来发生 PWD 的哺乳仔猪中，细菌分类群的相对丰度没有差异。哺乳期肠道微生物群的预测功能和粪便代谢组特征与 PWD 的后期发展无关。三甲胺是哺乳期粪便中浓度与 PWD 后期发展最密切相关的细菌代谢产物。然而，在仔猪结肠类器官中的实验表明，三甲胺不会破坏上皮细胞稳态，因此不太可能通过这种机制导致 PWD。总之，我们的数据表明，早期生命微生物群不是仔猪易患 PWD 的主要因素。本研究表明，在 13 日龄（出生后）的哺乳仔猪中，粪便微生物群组成和代谢活性相似，这些仔猪要么后来发展为断奶后腹泻（PWD），要么没有，这是动物福利的主要威胁，也会导致养猪生产中的重要经济损失和抗生素治疗。这项工作的目的是研究在不同环境中饲养的大量仔猪，这是影响早期生命微生物群的主要因素之一。主要发现之一是，尽管哺乳仔猪粪便中的三甲胺浓度与 PWD 的后期发展有关，但这种肠道微生物群衍生的代谢物并没有破坏来自猪结肠的类器官中的上皮细胞稳态。总体而言，本研究表明，哺乳期肠道微生物群不是仔猪对 PWD 易感性的主要因素。
