Domschke K
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Füchsleinstr. 15, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland,
Nervenarzt. 2014 Oct;85(10):1263-8. doi: 10.1007/s00115-014-4047-1.
Anxiety disorders are among the most frequent mental disorders in Europe (12-month prevalence 14%) and impose a high socioeconomic burden. The pathogenesis of anxiety disorders is complex with an interaction of biological, environmental and psychosocial factors contributing to the overall disease risk (diathesis-stress model).
In this article, risk factors for anxiety disorders will be presented on several levels, e.g. genetic factors, environmental factors, gene-environment interactions, epigenetic mechanisms, neuronal networks ("brain fear circuit"), psychophysiological factors (e.g. startle response and CO2 sensitivity) and dimensional/subclinical phenotypes of anxiety (e.g. anxiety sensitivity and behavioral inhibition), and critically discussed regarding their potential predictive value.
The identification of factors predictive of anxiety disorders will possibly allow for effective preventive measures or early treatment interventions, respectively, and reduce the individual patient's suffering as well as the overall socioeconomic burden of anxiety disorders.
焦虑症是欧洲最常见的精神障碍之一（12个月患病率为14%），并带来高昂的社会经济负担。焦虑症的发病机制复杂，生物、环境和心理社会因素相互作用，共同导致总体疾病风险（素质-应激模型）。
在本文中，将从几个层面介绍焦虑症的风险因素，如遗传因素、环境因素、基因-环境相互作用、表观遗传机制、神经网络（“大脑恐惧回路”）、心理生理因素（如惊吓反应和二氧化碳敏感性）以及焦虑的维度/亚临床表型（如焦虑敏感性和行为抑制），并对其潜在预测价值进行批判性讨论。
识别焦虑症的预测因素可能分别有助于采取有效的预防措施或早期治疗干预，减轻个体患者的痛苦以及焦虑症的总体社会经济负担。
