Department of Psychiatry, University of Wurzburg, Fuchsleinstrasse 15, D-97080 Wurzburg, Germany.
Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(35):5691-8. doi: 10.2174/138161212803530781.
Clinical genetic studies propose a strong genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders with a heritability of about 30-67%. The present review will give an overview of linkage studies, association studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) yielding support for some candidate genes. Additionally, first evidence for gene-environment interactions between candidate genes of anxiety disorders and stressful life events will be reported. On a systems level, neural activation correlates of anxiety-relevant emotional processing and neurophysiological measures such as peripheral sympathetic activity or the startle reflex have been shown to be potentially driven by vulnerability genes of anxiety disorders. Promising current approaches to further dissect the genetic underpinnings of anxiety disorders such as next generation sequencing, epigenetic analyses and pharmaco-/ psychotherapy-genetics will be presented. Genetic research in anxiety disorders will be discussed with respect to its potential benefit for future efforts to develop innovative and individually tailored therapeutic approaches for patients with anxiety disorders.
临床遗传学研究表明，焦虑症的发病机制与遗传因素密切相关，遗传度约为 30-67%。本综述将概述连锁研究、关联研究和全基因组关联研究（GWAS），这些研究为一些候选基因提供了支持。此外，还将报告焦虑障碍候选基因与应激性生活事件之间的基因-环境相互作用的初步证据。在系统水平上，焦虑相关情绪处理的神经激活相关性和神经生理学测量，如外周交感神经活动或惊跳反射，可能受到焦虑障碍易损基因的驱动。目前，有一些有前途的方法可以进一步剖析焦虑障碍的遗传基础，如下一代测序、表观遗传学分析和药物/心理治疗遗传学。本文将讨论焦虑障碍的遗传研究，以及它对未来开发创新的、个体化的治疗方法的潜在益处，以满足焦虑障碍患者的需求。
