Techangamsuwan S, Banlunara W, Radtanakatikanon A, Sommanustweechai A, Siriaroonrat B, Lombardini E D, Rungsipipat A
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Both authors contributed equally
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Both authors contributed equally.
Vet Pathol. 2015 Jul;52(4):724-31. doi: 10.1177/0300985814551580. Epub 2014 Sep 24.
In October 2011, a fatal disease outbreak occurred in 3 civet species farmed for their use in the coffee industry in Thailand. The disease quickly killed 20 animals in a mixed population of Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus; n = 18), a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata; n = 1), and small Indian civet (Viverricula indica; n = 1). Clinical signs consisted of severe lethargy, weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea with associated dehydration, dyspnea, nasal and footpad hyperkeratosis, and seizures. All civets were positive for canine morbillivirus using the commercial canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen test kit. Consistently observed necropsy findings consisted of severe pneumonia and hemorrhagic enteritis. Microscopic examination revealed severe gastroenteritis, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, lymphadenitis, necrotizing dermatitis, nonsuppurative polioencephalitis, and characteristic intranuclear/intracytoplasmic eosinophilic viral inclusions in multiple tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed immunoreactivity of varying intensity, while virus isolation demonstrated typical cytopathic effects. To confirm CDV infection, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction against fusion (F), phosphoprotein (P), and hemagglutinin (H) genes showed bands of expected size using conjunctival swabs (9 civets, 1 dog [Canis lupus familiaris] living on the farm). Phylogenetic analyses and restriction fragment length polymorphism results indicated that the civets were infected by the Asia-1 strain of CDV commonly found in dogs in Thailand. The deduced amino acid sequences of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule binding region of the CDV-H proteins revealed a Y549H mutation in both CDV-infected Asian palm civets (n = 4) and a co-located dog. We report a canine distemper outbreak in a civet colony with lineage classification and a Y549H mutation in noncanid species in Thailand.
2011年10月，泰国用于咖啡产业的3种养殖灵猫科动物中发生了一起致命疾病暴发。该疾病迅速导致亚洲棕榈狸（椰子狸，学名Paradoxurus hermaphroditus；共18只）、果子狸（学名Paguma larvata；1只）和小灵猫（学名Viverricula indica；1只）的混合种群中的20只动物死亡。临床症状包括严重嗜睡、虚弱、呕吐、腹泻并伴有脱水、呼吸困难、鼻和足垫角化过度以及癫痫发作。使用商用犬瘟热病毒（CDV）抗原检测试剂盒检测，所有灵猫科动物的犬瘟病毒均呈阳性。尸检中始终观察到的结果包括严重肺炎和出血性肠炎。显微镜检查显示严重肠胃炎、支气管间质性肺炎、淋巴结炎、坏死性皮炎、非化脓性脑灰质炎，以及多个组织中特征性的核内/胞浆内嗜酸性病毒包涵体。免疫组织化学分析显示不同强度的免疫反应性，而病毒分离显示出典型的细胞病变效应。为确认CDV感染，针对融合（F）、磷蛋白（P）和血凝素（H）基因的逆转录聚合酶链反应显示，使用结膜拭子检测时（9只灵猫科动物、1只生活在该养殖场的家犬[Canis lupus familiaris]）出现预期大小的条带。系统发育分析和限制性片段长度多态性结果表明，这些灵猫科动物感染的是泰国犬类中常见的亚洲-1型CDV毒株。CDV-H蛋白信号淋巴细胞激活分子结合区的推导氨基酸序列显示，在感染CDV的亚洲棕榈狸（4只）和同处一地的一只家犬中均存在Y549H突变。我们报告了泰国一个灵猫科动物群落中发生的犬瘟热暴发，并对其进行了谱系分类，以及在非犬科物种中发现的Y549H突变。
