Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
J Neurophysiol. 2015 Jan 1;113(1):88-99. doi: 10.1152/jn.00044.2014. Epub 2014 Sep 24.
The role of vision in implicit and explicit processes involved in adaptation to novel visuomotor transformations is not well-understood. We manipulated subjects' gaze locations through instructions during a visuomotor rotation task that established a conflict between implicit and explicit processes. Subjects were informed of a rotated visual feedback (45° counterclockwise from the desired target) and instructed to counteract it by using an explicit aiming strategy to the neighboring target (45° clockwise from the target). Simultaneously, they were instructed to gaze at either the desired target (target-gaze group), the neighboring target (hand-target-gaze group), or anywhere (free-gaze group) during aiming. After initial elimination of behavioral errors caused by strategic aiming, the subjects gradually overcompensated the rotation in the early practice, thereby increasing behavioral errors (i.e., a drift). This was caused by an implicit adaptation overriding the explicit strategy. Notably, prescribed gaze locations did not affect this implicit adaptation. In the late practice, the target-gaze and free-gaze groups reduced the drift, whereas the hand-target-gaze group did not. Furthermore, the free-gaze group changed gaze locations for strategic aiming through practice from the neighboring target to the desired target. The onset of this change was correlated with the onset of the drift reduction. These results suggest that gaze locations critically affect explicit adjustments of aiming directions to reduce the drift by taking into account the implicit adaptation that is occurring in parallel. Taken together, spatial eye-hand coordination that ties the gaze and the reach target influences the explicit process but not the implicit process.
视觉在适应新的视觉运动转变过程中的内隐和外显过程中的作用尚不清楚。我们通过在视觉运动旋转任务中对被试的注视位置进行指导来操纵内隐和外显过程之间的冲突。告知被试视觉反馈（从目标逆时针旋转 45°），并指导他们使用外显瞄准策略来对抗相邻目标（目标顺时针旋转 45°）。同时，他们被指导在瞄准期间注视目标（目标注视组）、相邻目标（手-目标注视组）或任何地方（自由注视组）。在初始消除由策略性瞄准引起的行为错误后，被试在早期练习中逐渐过度补偿旋转，从而增加行为错误（即漂移）。这是由内隐适应覆盖外显策略引起的。值得注意的是，规定的注视位置并不影响这种内隐适应。在后期练习中，目标注视组和自由注视组减少了漂移，而手-目标注视组则没有。此外，自由注视组通过练习将注视位置从相邻目标转移到目标，以实现策略性瞄准。这种变化的开始与漂移减少的开始相关。这些结果表明，注视位置通过考虑正在并行发生的内隐适应，对瞄准方向的外显调整产生重大影响，以减少漂移。总之，将目光和到达目标联系起来的空间眼手协调会影响外显过程，但不会影响内隐过程。
