Jung Myunghwan, Shin Min-Kyoung, Cha Seung-Bin, Shin Seung Won, Yoo Anna, Lee Won-Jung, Park Hong-Tae, Park Jong-Hyeon, Kim Byounghan, Jung Yeon-Kwon, Yoo Han Sang
Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
BMC Vet Res. 2014 Aug 12;10:179. doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0179-6.
After the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Korea, a vaccination policy has been applied to control the disease. In addition, several non-specific immune stimulators have been used without any scientific evidence that they would enhance the immune response after FMD vaccination and/or protect against FMD. Based on the current situation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the non-specific immune stimulator germanium biotite on FMD vaccination and immune responses in cattle. To achieve our goal, immune responses to FMD vaccination, such as levels of IgG and IgA, antibody duration, and virus-neutralizing titers were investigated after germanium biotite feeding. The PBMC typing and proliferative response after stimulation with mitogens, the cytokines expression level of PBMC, and the lysozyme activity in the serum were measured to evaluate the immune enhancing effects of germanium biotite following its administration.
Following the first vaccination, high level of IgG (at 4 weeks) and IgA (at 2 and 31 weeks) titers in serum and saliva were observed in the germanium biotite-feeding group (p < 0.05). The germanium biotite group also showed high and longstanding inhibition percentage value in ELISA assay at 31 weeks (p < 0.05). Generally, higher virus-neutralizing antibody titers were observed in the feeding group at 20 and 31 weeks after vaccination. Following the feeding germanium biotite, the germanium biotite group showed increased subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes and MHC I+II+ cells in PBMCs at 23 week, responding to stimulation of ConA. The levels of IFN-γ (at 3 and 8 weeks), IL-1α (at 3, 11, and 23 weeks), IL-1β (at 3, 8, and 11 weeks), and IL-4 (at 8 and 11 weeks) gene expression were also significantly increased in the feeding group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Feeding with germanium biotite increased the lymphocytes' proliferative response to the stimulation of ConA and LPS at 23 weeks and lysozyme activity at 9 weeks after feeding.
These results suggest that germanium biotite feeding could increase the protection against FMD virus infection via the induction of higher humoral and cellular immune responses in cattle.
韩国近期爆发口蹄疫（FMD）后，已实施疫苗接种政策以控制该疾病。此外，还使用了几种非特异性免疫刺激剂，但没有任何科学证据表明它们能增强FMD疫苗接种后的免疫反应和/或预防FMD。基于当前情况，本研究的目的是评估非特异性免疫刺激剂锗云母对牛FMD疫苗接种和免疫反应的影响。为实现我们的目标，在投喂锗云母后，研究了对FMD疫苗接种的免疫反应，如IgG和IgA水平、抗体持续时间以及病毒中和效价。测量了丝裂原刺激后PBMC的分型和增殖反应、PBMC的细胞因子表达水平以及血清中的溶菌酶活性，以评估锗云母给药后的免疫增强作用。
首次接种疫苗后，锗云母投喂组血清和唾液中IgG（4周时）和IgA（2周和31周时）的滴度较高（p < 0.05）。锗云母组在31周时的ELISA试验中也显示出较高且持久的抑制百分比值（p < 0.05）。一般来说，在接种疫苗后20周和31周时，投喂组的病毒中和抗体滴度较高。投喂锗云母后，锗云母组在23周时对ConA刺激的反应中，PBMC中CD4 +淋巴细胞和MHC I + II +细胞的亚群增加。投喂组中IFN - γ（3周和8周时）、IL - 1α（3周、11周和23周时）、IL - 1β（3周、8周和11周时）和IL - 4（8周和11周时）基因表达水平也显著增加（p < 0.01和p < 0.05）。投喂锗云母增加了23周时淋巴细胞对ConA和LPS刺激的增殖反应以及投喂后9周时的溶菌酶活性。
这些结果表明，投喂锗云母可通过诱导牛产生更高的体液和细胞免疫反应，增强对FMD病毒感染的保护作用。
