Rock I, Nijhawan R
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1989 May;15(2):259-72. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.15.2.259.
Although, ordinarily, upright objects are readily recognized by observers who are tilted, it is hypothesized that this is achieved by a process of correction. The first stage of that process is held to be a description of the object in relation to the biologically more primitive system of retinal coordinates. In order to test this hypothesis, tilted subjects were required to view figures under conditions of inattention (Experiment 1) or divided attention (Experiment 2). Under such conditions description may not proceed beyond that first stage. The results showed that recognition was higher for figures that maintained their orientation with respect to the retina (although they were then tilted in the environment) than for figures that remained upright in the environment (although they were then disoriented with respect to the retina). This outcome is the very opposite of what occurs under conditions of attention.
虽然通常情况下，倾斜的观察者能够轻松识别直立的物体，但据推测这是通过一种校正过程实现的。该过程的第一阶段被认为是相对于生物学上更原始的视网膜坐标系统对物体进行描述。为了验证这一假设，要求倾斜的受试者在注意力不集中（实验1）或注意力分散（实验2）的条件下观察图形。在这种条件下，描述可能不会超出第一阶段。结果表明，相对于在环境中保持直立（尽管此时它们相对于视网膜是方向错乱的）的图形，对于相对于视网膜保持其方向（尽管此时它们在环境中是倾斜的）的图形，识别率更高。这一结果与注意力集中条件下发生的情况正好相反。
