Duff Carlton T, Sulla Erin M
a Department of Educational Psychology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada.
Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2015;4(3):188-96. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2013.848329. Epub 2014 Sep 25.
Research initially supported the theory that deficits in executive function (EF) underlie the core neuropsychological sequelae of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly deficits in working memory and inhibitory control arising from dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex. Consequently, neuropsychologists commonly employ measures of EF or prefrontal cortex dysfunction in the differential diagnosis of ADHD and its subtypes in children. However, recent findings have called the EF deficit theory of ADHD into question, and research on the specificity of both direct and indirect measures of EF has not yielded promising results. This article presents a brief, critical review of the past and current research on neuropsychological assessment of EF and ADHD and suggests how EF measures can, in light of the most current science, still remain a useful part of a neuropsychological test battery.
最初的研究支持这样一种理论，即执行功能（EF）缺陷是注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）核心神经心理学后遗症的基础，特别是前额叶皮质功能障碍导致的工作记忆和抑制控制缺陷。因此，神经心理学家在对儿童ADHD及其亚型进行鉴别诊断时，通常会采用执行功能或前额叶皮质功能障碍的测量方法。然而，最近的研究结果对ADHD的执行功能缺陷理论提出了质疑，并且对执行功能直接和间接测量方法的特异性研究也未取得理想结果。本文对过去和当前关于执行功能与ADHD神经心理学评估的研究进行了简要的批判性综述，并根据最新科学研究提出执行功能测量方法如何仍然能够成为神经心理测试组合中有用的一部分。
