Elosúa M Rosa, Del Olmo Sandra, Contreras María José
Psicología Básica I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a DistanciaMadrid, Spain.
Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragoza, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jun 20;8:976. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00976. eCollection 2017.
In recent years, the interest in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its relation to deficits in working memory (WM) and more specifically the different executive functions (EFs) has grown, to the point of confirming that these are quite frequent in this disorder. The aim of this study was precisely to explore differences in executive functioning of WM in fourth grade Primary school children with and without ADHD (26 and 29 children, respectively), introducing rigorous control measures in the tests used. Four EFs were analyzed: divided attention, updating, attentional shifting and inhibition, measured through four tasks, the dual-task paradigm (digits and box-crossing), the N-Back task, the Trail Making Test and the Stroop task, respectively. The results showed that participants with ADHD, compared to children with typical development (TD), exhibited a smaller verbal memory span as well as deficits in the attentional shifting and updating functions. However, a similar performance for the EF of inhibition was found for both groups of participants. Finally, an unexpected result was obtained with regard to the role of divided attention, as children with ADHD were less impaired when performing the double task than participants in the TD group.
近年来，人们对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）及其与工作记忆（WM）缺陷，尤其是不同执行功能（EFs）之间的关系的兴趣日益浓厚，以至于证实这些在该障碍中相当常见。本研究的目的正是为了探究患有和未患有ADHD的小学四年级儿童（分别为26名和29名儿童）在工作记忆执行功能方面的差异，在所用测试中引入严格的控制措施。分析了四种执行功能：分别通过四项任务，即双任务范式（数字和划格）、N-回溯任务、连线测验和斯特鲁普任务来测量的分散注意力、更新、注意力转移和抑制。结果表明，与发育正常（TD）的儿童相比，患有ADHD的参与者表现出较小的言语记忆跨度以及注意力转移和更新功能方面的缺陷。然而，两组参与者在抑制执行功能方面表现相似。最后，关于分散注意力的作用获得了一个意外结果，因为患有ADHD的儿童在执行双重任务时比TD组的参与者受损程度更小。
