Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
Int J Cancer. 2015 Mar 1;136(5):E423-31. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29236. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
Renal cell cancer (RCC) incidence varies worldwide with a higher incidence in developed countries and lifestyle is likely to contribute to the development of this disease. We examined whether meat and fish consumption were related to the risk of RCC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The analysis included 493,179 EPIC participants, recruited between 1992 and 2000. Until December 2008, 691 RCC cases have been identified. Meat and fish consumption was assessed at baseline using country-specific dietary assessment instruments; 24-hour recalls were applied in an 8% subsample for calibration purposes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Women with a high consumption of red meat (HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1.62; calibrated, per 50 g/day) and processed meat (HR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.05-3.03; calibrated, per 50 g/day) had a higher risk of RCC, while no association existed in men. For processed meat, the association with RCC incidence was prominent in premenopausal women and was lacking in postmenopausal women (p interaction = 0.02). Neither poultry nor fish consumption were statistically significantly associated with the risk of RCC. The results show a distinct association of red and processed meat consumption with incident RCC in women but not in men. A biological explanation for these findings remains unclear.
肾细胞癌（RCC）的发病率在全球范围内存在差异，发达国家的发病率较高，生活方式可能是导致这种疾病发生的原因之一。我们在欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）中研究了肉类和鱼类的摄入与 RCC 风险之间的关系。该分析纳入了 493179 名 EPIC 参与者，他们于 1992 年至 2000 年间招募入组。截至 2008 年 12 月，共确诊了 691 例 RCC 病例。基线时使用特定国家的膳食评估工具评估肉类和鱼类的摄入量；为了校准目的，在 8%的亚组中应用了 24 小时回顾法。采用 Cox 比例风险回归计算多变量调整后的风险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。高摄入红肉类（HR = 1.36，95%CI 1.14-1.62；经校准，每天每增加 50 克）和加工肉类（HR = 1.78，95%CI 1.05-3.03；经校准，每天每增加 50 克）的女性患 RCC 的风险更高，而男性则不存在这种关联。对于加工肉类，这种与 RCC 发病率的关联在绝经前女性中更为明显，而在绝经后女性中则不存在（p 交互=0.02）。禽类和鱼类的摄入与 RCC 风险均无统计学显著相关性。这些结果表明，红肉类和加工肉类的摄入与女性 RCC 的发生存在明显关联，但与男性无关。这些发现的生物学解释尚不清楚。
