Nutrition, Health and Wellbeing Area, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Pontifica Universidad Catolica Argentina Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PLoS One. 2019 Dec 26;14(12):e0225101. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225101. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND: The Latin American (LA) region is still facing an ongoing epidemiological transition and shows a complex public health scenario regarding non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A healthy diet and consumption of specific food groups may decrease the risk of NCDs, however there is a lack of dietary intake data in LA countries. OBJECTIVE: Provide updated data on the dietary intake of key science-based selected food groups related to NCDs risk in LA countries. DESIGN: ELANS (Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health) is a multicenter cross-sectional study assessing food consumption from an urban sample between15 to 65 years old from 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Two 24-HR were obtained from 9,218 individuals. The daily intake of 10 food groups related to NCDs risk (fruits; vegetables; legumes/beans; nuts and seeds; whole grains products; fish and seafood; yogurt; red meat; processed meats; sugar-sweetened beverages (ready-to-drink and homemade)) were assessed and compared to global recommendations. RESULTS: Only 7.2% of the overall sample reached WHO's recommendation for fruits and vegetables consumption (400 grams per day). Regarding the dietary patterns related to a reduced risk of NCDs, among the overall sample legumes and fruits were the food groups with closer intake to the recommendation, although much lower than expected (13.1% and 11.5%, respectively). Less than 3.5% of the sample met the optimal consumption level of vegetables, nuts, whole grains, fish and yogurt. Largest country-dependent differences in average daily consumption were found for legumes, nuts, fish, and yogurt. Mean consumption of SSB showed large differences between countries. CONCLUSION: Diet intake quality is deficient for nutrient-dense food groups, suggesting a higher risk for NCDs in the urban LA region in upcoming decades. These data provide relevant and up-to-date information to take urgent public health actions to improve consumption of critically foods in order to prevent NCDs.
背景：拉丁美洲（LA）地区仍面临着持续的人口转变，在非传染性疾病（NCDs）方面呈现出复杂的公共卫生状况。健康饮食和特定食物组的消费可能会降低 NCD 的风险，但 LA 国家缺乏饮食摄入数据。 目的：提供有关 LA 国家与 NCD 风险相关的关键基于科学的选定食物组的饮食摄入的最新数据。 设计：ELANS（拉丁美洲营养与健康研究）是一项多中心横断面研究，评估来自 8 个 LA 国家（阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和委内瑞拉）的城市样本中 15 至 65 岁人群的食物消费情况。从 9218 个人中获得了两个 24 小时饮食记录。评估并比较了与 NCD 风险相关的 10 种食物组（水果、蔬菜、豆类/豆类、坚果和种子、全谷物产品、鱼和海鲜、酸奶、红肉、加工肉、糖甜饮料（即饮和自制））的日摄入量，并与全球建议进行了比较。 结果：只有 7.2%的总体样本达到了世卫组织关于水果和蔬菜摄入的建议（每天 400 克）。关于与 NCD 风险降低相关的饮食模式，在总体样本中，豆类和水果是更接近建议摄入量的食物组，尽管远低于预期（分别为 13.1%和 11.5%）。不到 3.5%的样本达到了蔬菜、坚果、全谷物、鱼和酸奶的最佳消费水平。在豆类、坚果、鱼和酸奶方面，各国之间的平均日消费量存在最大的差异。各国之间 SSB 的平均消费量存在很大差异。 结论：富含营养的食物组的饮食摄入质量不足，这表明未来几十年拉丁美洲城市地区发生 NCD 的风险更高。这些数据提供了相关的最新信息，以便采取紧急的公共卫生行动，改善关键食品的消费，以预防 NCD。
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