Turner Jerrold R, Buschmann Mary M, Romero-Calvo Isabel, Sailer Anne, Shen Le
Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland, MC1089, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland, MC1089, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2014 Dec;36:204-12. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.022. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
Tight junctions create a paracellular barrier that is essential for survival of complex organisms. In many cases tight junctions define separate, generally sterile, tissue compartments. In the skin and gut, tight junctions must also seal the paracellular space to prevent microbiota from accessing the internal milieu. This is a relatively simple task in the integument, where an absolute barrier is effective. However, intestinal epithelial tight junctions are charged with the far more complex task of supporting paracellular transport of water, ions, and nutrients while providing a barrier to microbial translocation. The delicate nature of this balance, which is disrupted in disease, makes the intestine a unique organ in which to explore the complexities of tight junction permeability and barrier regulation. Here we review recent progress in understanding the molecular determinants of barrier function and events responsible for regulation, and dysregulation, of tight junction permeability.
紧密连接形成了一种细胞旁屏障，这对于复杂生物体的生存至关重要。在许多情况下，紧密连接界定了不同的、通常无菌的组织隔室。在皮肤和肠道中，紧密连接还必须封闭细胞旁间隙，以防止微生物进入内部环境。在表皮中，这是一项相对简单的任务，因为绝对屏障就很有效。然而，肠道上皮紧密连接肩负着更为复杂的任务，即支持水、离子和营养物质的细胞旁转运，同时为微生物易位提供屏障。这种平衡的微妙性质在疾病中会被打破，使得肠道成为一个独特的器官，可用于探究紧密连接通透性和屏障调节的复杂性。在此，我们综述了在理解屏障功能的分子决定因素以及负责紧密连接通透性调节和失调的相关事件方面的最新进展。
