Honey-Escandón Magali, Arreguín-Espinosa Roberto, Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso, Samyn Yves
Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico.
Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2015 Feb;180:16-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.007. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
Since the discovery of saponins in sea cucumbers, more than 150 triterpene glycosides have been described for the class Holothuroidea. The family Holothuriidae has been increasingly studied in search for these compounds. With many species awaiting recognition and formal description this family currently consists of five genera and the systematics at the species-level taxonomy is, however, not yet fully understood. We provide a bibliographic review of the triterpene glycosides that has been reported within the Holothuriidae and analyzed the relationship of certain compounds with the presence of Cuvierian tubules. We found 40 species belonging to four genera and 121 compounds. Holothurin A and B are the most common saponins for Actinopyga, Holothuria, and Pearsonothuria. The genus Bohadschia presents mainly bivittoside C and D. Actinopyga has only sulfated saponins mainly oxidized, Bohadschia non-sulfated ones mainly non-oxidized, Holothuria and Pearsonothuria contain both types of compounds, mainly oxidized. Within the genus Holothuria, the subgenus Panningothuria only has non-sulfated saponins. The presence of sulfated and non-sulfated compounds seemingly relates to the expellability or the absence of Cuvierian tubules and the temporal or permanent concealing habits of the species. Our study concludes that better insights into the systematic distribution of saponins in Holothuriidae will only be possible if the identifications of the investigated species are confirmed by a taxonomist, especially in this group wherein cryptic species and variation between life-history stages are common and yet poorly understood. Understanding of saponin distribution within the Holothuriidae would also benefit from a stabilization of triterpene glycoside nomenclature.
自海参中发现皂苷以来，已描述了150多种海参纲的三萜糖苷。海参科越来越多地被研究以寻找这些化合物。由于许多物种有待识别和正式描述，该科目前由五个属组成，然而，物种水平分类的系统学尚未完全了解。我们对海参科中已报道的三萜糖苷进行了文献综述，并分析了某些化合物与居维叶氏管存在之间的关系。我们发现了属于四个属的40个物种和121种化合物。海参毒素A和B是梅花参属、海参属和白尼参属最常见的皂苷。辐肛参属主要含有双 vittoside C和D。梅花参属只有主要氧化的硫酸化皂苷，辐肛参属主要是非硫酸化且主要是非氧化的皂苷，海参属和白尼参属含有两种类型的化合物，主要是氧化的。在海参属中，Panningothuria亚属只有非硫酸化皂苷。硫酸化和非硫酸化化合物的存在似乎与居维叶氏管的可排出性或不存在以及物种的暂时或永久隐藏习性有关。我们的研究得出结论，只有分类学家确认所研究物种的鉴定，才能更好地了解海参科中皂苷的系统分布，特别是在这个隐性物种和生活史阶段之间的变异很常见但仍知之甚少的类群中。对海参科内皂苷分布的理解也将受益于三萜糖苷命名法的稳定。
