海洋海绵（多孔动物门、寻常海绵纲）中的三萜和甾体糖苷：结构、分类分布、生物活性。

G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Letya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.

Molecules. 2023 Mar 9;28(6):2503. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062503.

The article is a comprehensive review concerning tetracyclic triterpene and steroid glycosides from sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae). The extensive oxidative transformations of the aglycone and the use of various monosaccharide residues, with up to six possible, are responsible for the significant structural diversity observed in sponge saponins. The saponins are specific for different genera and species but their taxonomic distribution seems to be mosaic in different orders of Demospongiae. Many of the glycosides are membranolytics and possess cytotoxic activity that may be a cause of their anti-predatory activities. All these data reveal the independent origin and parallel evolution of the glycosides in different taxa of the sponges. The information concerning chemical structures, biological activities, biological role, and taxonomic distribution of the sponge glycosides is discussed.

本文是对海绵（多孔动物门，寻常海绵纲）中的四环三萜和甾体糖苷的综合综述。糖苷配基的广泛氧化转化以及使用各种单糖残基，最多可达六个，是海绵皂苷中观察到的显著结构多样性的原因。这些皂苷是不同属和种的特异性物质，但它们的分类分布在寻常海绵纲的不同目中似乎是镶嵌的。许多糖苷具有溶膜作用和细胞毒性活性，这可能是它们具有抗捕食活性的原因。所有这些数据都表明糖苷在不同的海绵分类群中具有独立的起源和并行进化。本文讨论了海绵糖苷的化学结构、生物活性、生物作用和分类分布信息。