Verdu Cindy F, Guyot Sylvain, Childebrand Nicolas, Bahut Muriel, Celton Jean-Marc, Gaillard Sylvain, Lasserre-Zuber Pauline, Troggio Michela, Guilet David, Laurens François
INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, Angers, France; AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, EA921 Laboratoire de Substances d'Origine Naturelle et Analogues Structuraux, SFR 4207 Quasav, PRES L'UNAM, Angers, France.
INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions & Assemblages, Equipe « Polyphénols, Réactivité & Procédés », Le Rheu, France.
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 1;9(10):e107103. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107103. eCollection 2014.
Polyphenols have favorable antioxidant potential on human health suggesting that their high content is responsible for the beneficial effects of apple consumption. They control the quality of ciders as they predominantly account for astringency, bitterness, color and aroma. In this study, we identified QTLs controlling phenolic compound concentrations and the average polymerization degree of flavanols in a cider apple progeny. Thirty-two compounds belonging to five groups of phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by reversed phase liquid chromatography on both fruit extract and juice, over three years. The average polymerization degree of flavanols was estimated in fruit by phloroglucinolysis coupled to HPLC. Parental maps were built using SSR and SNP markers and used for the QTL analysis. Sixty-nine and 72 QTLs were detected on 14 and 11 linkage groups of the female and male maps, respectively. A majority of the QTLs identified in this study are specific to this population, while others are consistent with previous studies. This study presents for the first time in apple, QTLs for the mean polymerization degree of procyanidins, for which the mechanisms involved remains unknown to this day. Identification of candidate genes underlying major QTLs was then performed in silico and permitted the identification of 18 enzymes of the polyphenol pathway and six transcription factors involved in the apple anthocyanin regulation. New markers were designed from sequences of the most interesting candidate genes in order to confirm their co-localization with underlying QTLs by genetic mapping. Finally, the potential use of these QTLs in breeding programs is discussed.
多酚类物质对人体健康具有良好的抗氧化潜力，这表明其高含量是食用苹果产生有益效果的原因。它们决定了苹果酒的品质，因为它们主要影响着苹果酒的涩味、苦味、色泽和香气。在本研究中，我们在一个苹果酒苹果后代群体中鉴定出了控制酚类化合物浓度和黄烷醇平均聚合度的数量性状基因座（QTL）。在三年时间里，通过反相液相色谱法对果实提取物和果汁中的五类酚类化合物中的32种化合物进行了鉴定和定量。通过间苯三酚解聚结合高效液相色谱法对果实中的黄烷醇平均聚合度进行了估算。利用简单序列重复（SSR）和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记构建了亲本图谱，并用于QTL分析。在雌性图谱和雄性图谱的14个和11个连锁群上分别检测到69个和72个QTL。本研究中鉴定出的大多数QTL是该群体特有的，而其他一些则与先前的研究一致。本研究首次在苹果中报道了原花青素平均聚合度的QTL，其涉及的机制至今仍不清楚。随后通过计算机模拟对主要QTL潜在的候选基因进行了鉴定，确定了18种参与多酚途径的酶和6种参与苹果花青素调控的转录因子。根据最具研究价值的候选基因序列设计了新的标记，以便通过遗传图谱确认它们与潜在QTL的共定位。最后，讨论了这些QTL在育种计划中的潜在应用。
