Suchotzki Kristina, Verschuere Bruno, Peth Judith, Crombez Geert, Gamer Matthias
Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2015 Feb;36(2):427-39. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22637. Epub 2014 Oct 3.
Developed as an alternative to traditional deception detection methods, the concealed information test (CIT) assesses recognition of critical (e.g., crime-relevant) "probes." Most often, recognition has been measured as enhanced skin conductance responses (SCRs) to probes compared to irrelevant foils (CIT effect). More recently, also differentially enlarged reaction times (RTs) and increased neural activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the right middle frontal gyrus, and the right temporo-parietal junction have been observed. The aims of the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study were to (1) investigate the boundary conditions of the CIT effects in all three measures and thereby (2) gain more insight into the relative contribution of two mechanisms underlying enhanced responding to concealed information (i.e., orienting versus response inhibition). Therefore, we manipulated the proportion of probe versus irrelevant items, and whether suspects were instructed to actively deny recognition of probe knowledge (i.e., deceive) during the test. Results revealed that whereas overt deception was not necessary for the SCR CIT effect, it was crucial for the RT and the fMRI-based CIT effects. The proportion manipulation enhanced the CIT effect in all three measures. The results indicate that different mental processes might underlie the response pattern in the CIT. While skin conductance responding to concealed information may best be explained by orienting theory, it seems that response inhibition drives RT and blood oxygen level dependent responding to concealed information.
作为传统欺骗检测方法的替代方法而开发的隐蔽信息测试（CIT），用于评估对关键（例如与犯罪相关的）“探测项”的识别。最常见的是，与无关的陪衬物相比，对探测项增强的皮肤电导率反应（SCR）被用作识别的衡量标准（CIT效应）。最近，还观察到反应时间（RT）有差异地延长，以及双侧额下回、右侧额中回和右侧颞顶交界处的神经活动增加。当前功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究的目的是：（1）研究所有三种测量方法中CIT效应的边界条件，从而（2）更深入地了解增强对隐蔽信息反应的两种机制（即定向与反应抑制）的相对贡献。因此，我们操纵了探测项与无关项的比例，以及是否指示嫌疑人在测试期间积极否认对探测项知识的识别（即欺骗）。结果显示，虽然公开欺骗对于SCR CIT效应不是必需的，但对于RT和基于fMRI的CIT效应却是至关重要的。比例操纵增强了所有三种测量方法中的CIT效应。结果表明，CIT中的反应模式可能有不同的心理过程作为基础。虽然对隐蔽信息的皮肤电导率反应最好用定向理论来解释，但似乎反应抑制驱动了对隐蔽信息的RT和血氧水平依赖性反应。
