Sherman Lauren E, Rudie Jeffrey D, Pfeifer Jennifer H, Masten Carrie L, McNealy Kristin, Dapretto Mirella
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Oct;10:148-59. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.08.002. Epub 2014 Aug 20.
The mature brain is organized into distinct neural networks defined by regions demonstrating correlated activity during task performance as well as rest. While research has begun to examine differences in these networks between children and adults, little is known about developmental changes during early adolescence. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the Default Mode Network (DMN) and the Central Executive Network (CEN) at ages 10 and 13 in a longitudinal sample of 45 participants. In the DMN, participants showed increasing integration (i.e., stronger within-network correlations) between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the medial prefrontal cortex. During this time frame participants also showed increased segregation (i.e., weaker between-network correlations) between the PCC and the CEN. Similarly, from age 10 to 13, participants showed increased connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other CEN nodes, as well as increasing DMN segregation. IQ was significantly positively related to CEN integration at age 10, and between-network segregation at both ages. These findings highlight early adolescence as a period of significant maturation for the brain's functional architecture and demonstrate the utility of longitudinal designs to investigate neural network development.
成熟的大脑被组织成不同的神经网络，这些网络由在任务执行和休息期间表现出相关活动的区域所定义。虽然研究已经开始探讨儿童和成人在这些网络上的差异，但对于青春期早期的发育变化却知之甚少。我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI），对45名参与者的纵向样本在10岁和13岁时的默认模式网络（DMN）和中央执行网络（CEN）进行了检查。在DMN中，参与者在后扣带回皮质（PCC）和内侧前额叶皮质之间表现出越来越强的整合（即网络内相关性更强）。在此期间，参与者在PCC和CEN之间也表现出增加的分离（即网络间相关性更弱）。同样，从10岁到13岁，参与者在背外侧前额叶皮质和其他CEN节点之间表现出增加的连通性，以及DMN分离的增加。智商在10岁时与CEN整合显著正相关，在两个年龄时都与网络间分离显著正相关。这些发现突出了青春期早期是大脑功能结构显著成熟的时期，并证明了纵向设计在研究神经网络发育方面的实用性。
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