Vieira Leandro M, Jones Mary Spencer, Taylor Paul D
Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Email:
Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.; Email:
Zootaxa. 2014 Aug 28;3857(2):151-82. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.2.1.
Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny, 1852) has been widely reported as a fouling species from tropical to temperate waters. The continued confusion over the correct name for this species led us to provide a redescription of d'Orbigny's type of Cellepora subtorquata, and to make comparisons with other species of Watersipora. We show that the majority of specimens assigned to W. subovoidea (d'Orbigny, 1852) are morphologically distinct from the recently erected neotype of W. subovoidea; these specimens are here reidentified as Watersipora subtorquata. Other specimens previously assigned to W. subtorquata belong to W. subatra (Ortmann, 1890), described originally from Japan. Owing these inconsistences, we suggest setting aside the neotype of Watersipora subovoidea, which is based on Busk's Lepralia cucullata and is not from the same locality as d'Orbigny's type. Watersipora cucullata is redescribed and figured using Busk's specimens; the species is known from the Mediterranean, including the Adriatic. Three other species--Watersipora atrofusca (Busk, 1856), Watersipora aterrima (Ortmann, 1890) and Watersipora nigra (Canu & Bassler, 1930)--are also refigured. Watersipora edmondsoni Soule & Soule, 1975 is synonymised with W. subtorquata (d'Orbigny). Two new species are described, Watersipora mawatarii n. sp. from Japan and Watersipora souleorum n. sp. from the Azores, Cape Verde, Naples and Indian Ocean. A key is given to the Recent species of Watersipora.
扭旋水螅苔藓虫（沃特斯，1852年）作为一种污损生物，在从热带到温带的水域中都有广泛报道。由于该物种正确名称一直存在混淆，我们对沃特斯的扭旋苔藓虫模式标本进行了重新描述，并与其他水螅苔藓虫物种进行了比较。我们发现，大多数被归入卵形水螅苔藓虫（沃特斯，1852年）的标本在形态上与最近确立的卵形水螅苔藓虫新模标本不同；这些标本在此被重新鉴定为扭旋水螅苔藓虫。其他先前被归入扭旋水螅苔藓虫的标本属于暗绿水螅苔藓虫（奥特曼，1890年），最初是从日本描述的。由于这些不一致之处，我们建议摒弃基于布斯的兜帽苔藓虫建立的卵形水螅苔藓虫新模标本，因为它与沃特斯的模式标本产地不同。我们利用布斯的标本对兜帽水螅苔藓虫进行了重新描述和绘图；该物种在地中海地区有记录，包括亚得里亚海。另外三个物种——暗黑水螅苔藓虫（布斯，1856年）、深黑水螅苔藓虫（奥特曼，1890年）和黑色水螅苔藓虫（卡努和巴斯勒，1930年）——也进行了重新绘图。埃德蒙森水螅苔藓虫（苏尔和苏尔，1975年）被同义化为扭旋水螅苔藓虫（沃特斯）。描述了两个新物种，来自日本的摩瓦特水螅苔藓虫新种和来自亚速尔群岛、佛得角、那不勒斯和印度洋的苏尔水螅苔藓虫新种。给出了水螅苔藓虫现存物种的检索表。
