The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
J Control Release. 2014 Dec 28;196:252-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.028. Epub 2014 Oct 5.
The buccal mucosa (inner cheek) is an attractive site for delivery of immunotherapeutics, due to its ease of access and rich antigen presenting cell (APC) distribution. However, to date, most delivery methods to the buccal mucosa have only been topical-with the challenges of: 1) an environment where significant biomolecule degradation may occur; 2) inability to reach the APCs that are located deep in the epithelium and lamina propria; and 3) salivary flow and mucous secretion that may result in removal of the therapeutic agent before absorption has taken place. To overcome these challenges and achieve consistent, repeatable targeted delivery of immunotherapeutics to within the buccal mucosa (not merely on to the surface), we utilised microprojection arrays (Nanopatches-110 μm length projections, 3364 projections, 16 mm2 surface area) with a purpose built clip applicator. The mechanical application of Nanopatches bearing a dry-coated vaccine (commercial influenza vaccine, as a test case immunotherapeutic) released the vaccine to a depth of 47.8±14.8 μm (mean±SD, n=4), in the mouse buccal mucosa (measured using fluorescent delivered dyes and CryoSEM). This location is in the direct vicinity of APCs, facilitating antigenic uptake. Resultant systemic immune responses were similar to systemic immunization methods, and superior to comparative orally immunised mice. This confirms the Nanopatch administered vaccine was delivered into the buccal mucosa and not ingested. This study demonstrates a minimally-invasive delivery device with rapid (2 min of application time), accurate and consistent release of immunotherapeutics in to the buccal mucosa-that conceptually can be extended in to human use for broad and practical utility.
颊黏膜(内颊)是递送免疫疗法的理想部位,因为它易于接近并且富含抗原呈递细胞(APC)。然而,迄今为止,大多数递送至颊黏膜的方法仅为局部给药-具有以下挑战:1)生物分子降解可能发生的环境;2)无法到达位于上皮和固有层深部的 APC;3)唾液流动和粘液分泌可能导致治疗剂在吸收之前被清除。为了克服这些挑战并实现对颊黏膜内(不仅仅是表面)的一致、可重复的靶向免疫疗法递送,我们利用了带有专用夹式施药器的微针阵列(纳米贴片-110μm 长的突起,3364 个突起,16mm2 表面积)。载有干性涂层疫苗的纳米贴片(商业流感疫苗,作为测试案例免疫治疗剂)的机械应用将疫苗释放到 47.8±14.8μm 的深度(平均值±SD,n=4),在小鼠颊黏膜中(使用荧光传递染料和 CryoSEM 进行测量)。这个位置就在 APC 附近,有利于抗原摄取。由此产生的全身免疫反应与全身免疫接种方法相似,优于比较口服免疫的小鼠。这证实了纳米贴片给予的疫苗已递送至颊黏膜,而未被摄入。这项研究展示了一种微创性的给药装置,具有快速(2 分钟的应用时间)、准确和一致的将免疫疗法递送至颊黏膜-该概念可以扩展到人类使用,具有广泛的实用性。