Maksimova O V, Gervazieva V B, Zverev V V
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2014 May-Jun(3):49-60.
In industrialized countries an increased number of diseases due to immune system disorders including connected with allergy is noted. Allergic diseases generally proceed against the background of various common inflammatory diseases arising in childhood. The role of intestine microflora in its interaction with immune system and defining factors in allergization of children are actively studied. A decrease of risk of allergy development later in life for children who had grown up in the countryside was shown to be possibly related with microorganisms present in food. Thus the positive potential of farms is currently examined as a result of innate immunity activation by using microbial components. Acinetobacter lwoffii F78 isolated from cowsheds is able to protect mice from experimental allergy by activating Th1-polarization program of dendritic cells. Moreover, an important role in pathogenesis of allergic diseases belongs to mast cells. Probiotic lactobacilli may weaken activation of mast cells and release of inflammation mediators connected with allergic reactions. The ability of intestine microflora to influence immune response resulted in novel approaches in therapy that use these differences in microbiota for therapy and prophylaxis in allergy patients. And therefore on the basis of "hygiene hypothesis" of allergy emergence, a consideration is expressed that early manipulation with intestinal microbial communities may offer a new strategy of allergic sensibilization prevention.
在工业化国家，人们注意到因免疫系统紊乱（包括与过敏相关的紊乱）导致的疾病数量有所增加。过敏性疾病通常在儿童期出现的各种常见炎症性疾病的背景下发生。肠道微生物群在其与免疫系统相互作用以及儿童过敏致敏的决定性因素方面的作用正在积极研究中。研究表明，在农村长大的儿童日后患过敏症的风险降低可能与食物中存在的微生物有关。因此，目前正在研究农场的积极潜力，这是通过使用微生物成分激活先天免疫的结果。从牛棚分离出的洛菲不动杆菌F78能够通过激活树突状细胞的Th1极化程序来保护小鼠免受实验性过敏。此外，肥大细胞在过敏性疾病的发病机制中也起着重要作用。益生菌乳酸杆菌可能会减弱肥大细胞的激活以及与过敏反应相关的炎症介质的释放。肠道微生物群影响免疫反应的能力导致了新的治疗方法，即利用微生物群的这些差异对过敏患者进行治疗和预防。因此，基于过敏发生的“卫生假说”，有人认为早期对肠道微生物群落的调控可能提供一种预防过敏致敏的新策略。
