Gouttebarge V, Ooms W, Tummers T, Inklaar H
World Footballers' Union (FIFPro), Hoofddorp, The Netherlands -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015 Nov;55(11):1376-82. Epub 2014 Oct 7.
The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of mortalities from 2007 to 2013 in active (during career) and recently retired (post career) professional footballers. An observational prospective study was conducted. From 2007, the World Footballers' Union (FIFPro) and its related national footballers' unions (more than 70 countries distributed across all continents) collected descriptive data (football-related, cause, etc.) on mortality of active (during career) and recently retired (postcareer before reaching 45 years of age) professional footballers by means of several official sources. A total of 214 deaths were recorded among active and recently retired professional footballers, leading to an overall mortality rate of 0.47 per 1000 footballers per year. Of the 214 deaths, 183 were recorded among active players and 31 among recently retired players. Among the active players, 17% of the fatalities were related to football participation. Disease was the leading cause of death among professional footballers (55%), of which up to 33% accounted for suspected cardiac pathology. Accidents accounted for 25% of the overall deaths, and suicide for 11%. From 2007 to 2013, 214 deaths were recorded among active (during career) and recently retired (post career) professional footballers. Leading cause of death was disease (55%), one third of which were accounted for by suspected cardiac pathology, while accidents accounted for 25% of all deaths, and suicide for 11%. Attention to the predictive validity and application of heart-related precompetition medical assessment should be given, and mental health support should be developed and implemented both during and after a professional football career to prevent potential suicidal behaviors.
本研究的目的是描述2007年至2013年现役（职业生涯期间）和刚退役（退役后）职业足球运动员的死亡特征。进行了一项前瞻性观察研究。自2007年起，世界足球运动员联盟（国际职业足球运动员联合会）及其相关国家足球运动员联盟（分布在各大洲的70多个国家）通过多个官方来源收集了现役（职业生涯期间）和刚退役（退役后至45岁之前）职业足球运动员死亡的描述性数据（与足球相关的信息、死因等）。现役和刚退役的职业足球运动员中共记录了214例死亡，导致总体死亡率为每年每1000名足球运动员中有0.47例死亡。在这214例死亡中，183例发生在现役球员中，31例发生在刚退役球员中。在现役球员中，17%的死亡与参与足球运动有关。疾病是职业足球运动员死亡的主要原因（55%），其中高达33%为疑似心脏病变。事故占总死亡人数的25%，自杀占11%。2007年至2013年期间，现役（职业生涯期间）和刚退役（退役后）的职业足球运动员中共记录了214例死亡。主要死因是疾病（55%），其中三分之一为疑似心脏病变，而事故占所有死亡人数的25%，自杀占11%。应关注与心脏相关的赛前医学评估的预测效度和应用，并在职业足球生涯期间及之后开展和实施心理健康支持，以预防潜在的自杀行为。
