Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2014 Oct;72 Suppl 1:65-71. doi: 10.1111/nure.12150.
The increasing availability of highly caffeinated beverages, including energy drinks, in the United States has resulted in a rise in consumption by children and adolescents. In addition, there is mounting evidence that these products are often consumed by youth for their perceived fatigue-mitigating and mood- or performance-enhancing effects. Although such perceptions by children and adolescents about the potential consequences of caffeine consumption are highly likely to influence decision making regarding the use of such products, there is still a relative paucity of studies that focus on the effect of caffeinated beverages on sleep, mood, and performance in the pediatric population. This review summarizes the following aspects of this topic, as derived from the information currently available: 1) the perception, among youth, of caffeine's risks and benefits and the sources of information about caffeine, particularly with regard to sleep, mood, and performance; 2) the bidirectional effect of caffeine on sleep in children and adolescents and the association of caffeine with other sleep-related practices, and 3) the evidence that supports caffeine as a performance and mood enhancer as well as a countermeasure to sleepiness in the pediatric population. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified, and a direction for future research is outlined.
在美国，高咖啡因饮料（包括能量饮料）的供应日益增加，导致儿童和青少年的消费量增加。此外，越来越多的证据表明，这些产品经常被年轻人用于缓解疲劳、改善情绪或提高表现。尽管儿童和青少年对咖啡因消费潜在后果的看法极有可能影响他们对使用这些产品的决策，但仍相对缺乏专门研究咖啡因饮料对儿科人群睡眠、情绪和表现影响的研究。本综述总结了以下几个方面：1）青少年对咖啡因的风险和益处的认知，以及咖啡因信息的来源，特别是与睡眠、情绪和表现有关的信息；2）咖啡因对儿童和青少年睡眠的双向影响，以及咖啡因与其他与睡眠相关的行为之间的关联；3）支持咖啡因作为儿童和青少年人群的表现和情绪增强剂以及对抗困倦的对策的证据。最后，确定了知识空白，并为未来的研究指明了方向。
