Okonkwo Ozioma C, Schultz Stephanie A, Oh Jennifer M, Larson Jordan, Edwards Dorothy, Cook Dane, Koscik Rebecca, Gallagher Catherine L, Dowling N M, Carlsson Cynthia M, Bendlin Barbara B, LaRue Asenath, Rowley Howard A, Christian Brad T, Asthana Sanjay, Hermann Bruce P, Johnson Sterling C, Sager Mark A
From the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (O.C.O., S.A.S., J.M.O., J.L., D.C., C.L.G., C.M.C., B.B.B., S.A., S.C.J.), William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison WI; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute (O.C.O., D.E., R.K., B.B.B., A.L., S.A., B.P.H., S.C.J., M.A.S.), Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (O.C.O., S.A.S., J.M.O., J.L., D.E., C.L.G., N.M.D., C.M.C., B.B.B., H.A.R., B.T.C., S.A., B.P.H., S.C.J., M.A.S.), Departments of Kinesiology (D.E., D.C.), Neurology (C.L.G.), Biostatistics & Medical Informatics (N.M.D., B.P.H.), Radiology (H.A.R.), and Medical Physics (B.T.C.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.
Neurology. 2014 Nov 4;83(19):1753-60. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000964. Epub 2014 Oct 8.
To examine whether engagement in physical activity might favorably alter the age-dependent evolution of Alzheimer disease (AD)-related brain and cognitive changes in a cohort of at-risk, late-middle-aged adults.
Three hundred seventeen enrollees in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention underwent T1 MRI; a subset also underwent (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B-PET (n = 186) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (n = 152) imaging. Participants' responses on a self-report measure of current physical activity were used to classify them as either physically active or physically inactive based on American Heart Association guidelines. They also completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Covariate-adjusted regression analyses were used to test whether the adverse effect of age on imaging and cognitive biomarkers was modified by physical activity.
There were significant age × physical activity interactions for β-amyloid burden (p = 0.014), glucose metabolism (p = 0.015), and hippocampal volume (p = 0.025) such that, with advancing age, physically active individuals exhibited a lesser degree of biomarker alterations compared with the physically inactive. Similar age × physical activity interactions were also observed on cognitive domains of Immediate Memory (p = 0.042) and Visuospatial Ability (p = 0.016). In addition, the physically active group had higher scores on Speed and Flexibility (p = 0.002) compared with the inactive group.
In a middle-aged, at-risk cohort, a physically active lifestyle is associated with an attenuation of the deleterious influence of age on key biomarkers of AD pathophysiology. However, because our observational, cross-sectional design cannot establish causality, randomized controlled trials/longitudinal studies will be necessary for determining whether midlife participation in structured physical exercise forestalls the development of AD and related disorders in later life.
在一组有患病风险的中老年成年人队列中，研究进行体育活动是否可能有益地改变与阿尔茨海默病（AD）相关的大脑和认知变化的年龄依赖性演变。
317名威斯康星州阿尔茨海默病预防登记处的参与者接受了T1磁共振成像（MRI）检查；其中一部分人还接受了（11）C-匹兹堡化合物B正电子发射断层扫描（PET）（n = 186）和（18）F-氟脱氧葡萄糖PET（n = 152）成像。根据美国心脏协会的指南，利用参与者在当前体育活动自我报告测量中的回答，将他们分类为体育活动活跃或不活跃。他们还完成了一套全面的神经心理学测试。采用协变量调整回归分析来检验体育活动是否会改变年龄对成像和认知生物标志物的不利影响。
在β-淀粉样蛋白负荷（p = 0.014）、葡萄糖代谢（p = 0.015）和海马体积（p = 0.025）方面存在显著的年龄×体育活动交互作用，即随着年龄的增长，体育活动活跃的个体与不活跃的个体相比，生物标志物的改变程度较小。在即时记忆（p = 0.042）和视觉空间能力（p = 0.016）的认知领域也观察到类似的年龄×体育活动交互作用。此外，与不活跃组相比，体育活动活跃组在速度和灵活性方面得分更高（p = 0.002）。
在一个有患病风险的中年队列中，积极的生活方式与年龄对AD病理生理学关键生物标志物的有害影响的减弱有关。然而，由于我们的观察性横断面设计无法确定因果关系，因此需要进行随机对照试验/纵向研究来确定中年参与有组织的体育锻炼是否能预防晚年AD及相关疾病的发生。
