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记忆形成的神经生物学基础:从生理状况到精神病理学

The neurobiological bases of memory formation: from physiological conditions to psychopathology.

作者信息

Bisaz Reto, Travaglia Alessio, Alberini Cristina M

机构信息

Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, N.Y., USA.

出版信息

Psychopathology. 2014;47(6):347-56. doi: 10.1159/000363702. Epub 2014 Oct 3.

Abstract

The formation of long-term memories is a function necessary for an adaptive survival. In the last two decades, great progress has been made in the understanding of the biological bases of memory formation. The identification of mechanisms necessary for memory consolidation and reconsolidation, the processes by which the posttraining and postretrieval fragile memory traces become stronger and insensitive to disruption, has indicated new approaches for investigating and treating psychopathologies. In this review, we will discuss some key biological mechanisms found to be critical for memory consolidation and strengthening, the role/s and mechanisms of memory reconsolidation, and how the interference with consolidation and/or reconsolidation can modulate the retention and/or storage of memories that are linked to psychopathologies.

摘要

长期记忆的形成是适应性生存所必需的一项功能。在过去二十年里,我们对记忆形成的生物学基础的理解取得了巨大进展。记忆巩固和再巩固机制的确定,即训练后和检索后脆弱的记忆痕迹变得更强且对干扰不敏感的过程,为研究和治疗精神病理学指明了新方法。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论一些被发现对记忆巩固和强化至关重要的关键生物学机制、记忆再巩固的作用和机制,以及对巩固和/或再巩固的干扰如何调节与精神病理学相关的记忆的保持和/或存储。

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