Lal Aparna, Lill Adrian W T, Mcintyre Mary, Hales Simon, Baker Michael G, French Nigel P
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2015 Feb;39(1):63-8. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12274. Epub 2014 Oct 12.
To review the available evidence that examines the association between climatic and agricultural land use factors and the risks of enteric zoonoses in humans and consider information needs and possible pathways of intervention.
The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase and government websites were searched systematically for published literature that investigated the association of climatic and/or agricultural exposures with the incidence of the four most common enteric zoonotic diseases in New Zealand (campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis). Results The 16 studies in the review demonstrated significant associations between climate, agricultural land use and enteric disease occurrence. The evidence suggests that enteric disease risk from environmental reservoirs is pathogen specific. In some rural regions, environmental pathogen load is considerable, with multiple opportunities for zoonotic transmission.
Enteric disease occurrence in NZ is associated with climate variability and agricultural land use. However, these relationships interact with demographic factors to influence disease patterns.
Improved understanding of how environmental and social factors interact can inform effective public health interventions under scenarios of projected environmental change.
回顾现有证据，这些证据考察了气候和农业土地利用因素与人类肠道人畜共患病风险之间的关联，并考虑信息需求和可能的干预途径。
系统检索电子数据库PubMed、Web of Science和Embase以及政府网站，以查找已发表的文献，这些文献研究了气候和/或农业暴露与新西兰四种最常见肠道人畜共患病（弯曲杆菌病、沙门氏菌病、隐孢子虫病和贾第虫病）发病率之间的关联。结果综述中的16项研究表明，气候、农业土地利用与肠道疾病发生之间存在显著关联。证据表明，来自环境宿主的肠道疾病风险具有病原体特异性。在一些农村地区，环境病原体负荷相当大，存在多次人畜共患传播的机会。
新西兰肠道疾病的发生与气候变异性和农业土地利用有关。然而，这些关系与人口因素相互作用，影响疾病模式。
更好地理解环境和社会因素如何相互作用，可以为预计环境变化情景下的有效公共卫生干预提供信息。
