Caetano Raul, Vaeth Patrice A C, Chartier Karen G, Mills Britain A
School of Public Health, Dallas Regional Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dallas, TX, USA.
School of Public Health, Dallas Regional Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dallas, TX, USA.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;125:629-48. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00037-9.
This chapter reviews selected epidemiologic studies on drinking and associated problems among US ethnic minorities. Ethnic minorities and the White majority group exhibit important differences in alcohol use and related problems, including alcohol use disorders. Studies show a higher rate of binge drinking, drinking above guidelines, alcohol abuse, and dependence for major ethnic and racial groups, notably, Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives. Other problems with a higher prevalence in certain minority groups are, for example, cancer (Blacks), cirrhosis (Hispanics), fetal alcohol syndrome (Blacks and American Indians/Alaskan Natives), drinking and driving (Hispanics, American Indians/Alaskan Natives). There are also considerable differences in rates of drinking and problems within certain ethnic groups such as Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives. For instance, among Hispanics, Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans drink more and have higher rates of disorders such as alcohol abuse and dependence than Cuban Americans. Disparities also affect the trajectory of heavy drinking and the course of alcohol dependence among minorities. Theoretic accounts of these disparities generally attribute them to the historic experience of discrimination and to minority socioeconomic disadvantages at individual and environmental levels.
本章回顾了美国少数族裔饮酒及相关问题的部分流行病学研究。少数族裔与白人多数群体在饮酒及相关问题（包括酒精使用障碍）方面存在重要差异。研究表明，主要族裔和种族群体（尤其是黑人、西班牙裔和美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民）的暴饮、饮酒量超过指南标准、酒精滥用和酒精依赖发生率较高。某些少数群体中患病率较高的其他问题包括癌症（黑人）、肝硬化（西班牙裔）、胎儿酒精综合征（黑人和美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民）、酒后驾车（西班牙裔、美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民）。在某些族裔群体（如西班牙裔、亚裔美国人以及美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民）中，饮酒率和相关问题也存在显著差异。例如，在西班牙裔中，波多黎各人和墨西哥裔美国人饮酒量更多，酒精滥用和依赖等障碍的发生率高于古巴裔美国人。差异也影响着少数族裔中重度饮酒的发展轨迹以及酒精依赖的病程。对这些差异的理论解释通常将其归因于历史上的歧视经历以及少数族裔在个人和环境层面的社会经济劣势。
