Morais Teresa Márcia Nascimento de, Silva Antonio da, Avi Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira, Souza Patrícia Helena Rodrigues de, Knobel Elias, Camargo Luiz Fernando Aranha
USP.
PUCSP.
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2006 Dec;18(4):412-7.
In the intensive care unit, the nosocomial respiratory infection is responsible for high rates of morbidity, mortality and expressive increase in hospitals costs. Its establishment feels more commonly by the aspiration of the content present within the mouth and the pharynx. Thus we intended to review the literature on the participation of the oral condition in the establishment of the nosocomial respiratory infection.
Deficient oral hygiene is common in patients under intensive care, which provides the colonization of oral biofilm for pathogenic microorganisms, especially for respiratory pathogens. The studies clearly show that the amount of oral biofilm in patients under intensive care increases according to period hospitalization meanwhile there also is an increase in respiratory pathogens. That colonizes the oral biofilm. This biofilm is an important resource of pathogens in patients under intensive care.
In spite of well-established hypotheses that narrow down the relationships between lung infections and the oral condition, the studies are not still completely defined. However, due to strong possibilities that these hypotheses are true, it is necessary to have and maintain the oral health, in addition to more integration of dentistry and of Medicine, seeking patients' global treatment, the prevention of diseases, and more humanization at the intensive care unit.
在重症监护病房，医院获得性呼吸道感染导致高发病率、高死亡率，并显著增加医院成本。其发生更常见于口腔和咽部内容物的误吸。因此，我们旨在综述关于口腔状况在医院获得性呼吸道感染发生中的作用的文献。
重症监护患者中口腔卫生不良很常见，这为致病微生物，尤其是呼吸道病原体在口腔生物膜上的定植提供了条件。研究清楚地表明，重症监护患者口腔生物膜的数量随住院时间增加，同时呼吸道病原体的数量也增加，这些病原体定植于口腔生物膜。这种生物膜是重症监护患者病原体的重要来源。
尽管已有一些假说明确了肺部感染与口腔状况之间的关系，但相关研究仍未完全明确。然而，鉴于这些假说很可能是正确的，除了加强牙科与医学的整合，寻求对患者的全面治疗、疾病预防以及在重症监护病房实现更多人性化之外，保持口腔健康也很有必要。
