Coghlin Caroline, Murray Graeme I
Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK.
Proteomics Clin Appl. 2015 Feb;9(1-2):64-71. doi: 10.1002/prca.201400082. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy and it contributes significantly to cancer mortality. Outcomes in colorectal cancer vary between patients and this is due to the complexity of colorectal carcinogenesis. Interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment, genetic alterations, and changes in intracellular signalling networks are just some of the abnormal pathways involved in colorectal cancer development. Recent research has targeted components of all of these systems in order to develop biomarkers to aid in the early diagnosis of CRC and to assist in prognostic stratification. Proteomic analysis of tissue or blood-derived samples from CRC patients has proven to be a valuable technique for the identification of potentially informative biomarkers. Such biomarkers may prove to be clinically applicable and could offer greater patient acceptability when compared to conventional methods such as fecal-based testing. In this article we review the recent advances in the development of protein biomarkers of CRC with an emphasis on biomarkers available in the patient's serum and from tissue-based samples. Future challenges in terms of the development of accurate diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers of CRC and the importance of validation and patient acceptability are also discussed.
结直肠癌（CRC）是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，对癌症死亡率有重大影响。结直肠癌患者的预后各不相同，这是由于结直肠癌发生机制的复杂性所致。肿瘤细胞与其微环境之间的相互作用、基因改变以及细胞内信号网络的变化只是参与结直肠癌发展的一些异常途径。最近的研究针对所有这些系统的组成部分，以开发生物标志物，帮助早期诊断结直肠癌并协助进行预后分层。对结直肠癌患者的组织或血液样本进行蛋白质组分析已被证明是一种用于识别潜在信息丰富的生物标志物的有价值技术。与基于粪便检测等传统方法相比，此类生物标志物可能被证明具有临床适用性，并能为患者提供更高的可接受性。在本文中，我们回顾了结直肠癌蛋白质生物标志物开发的最新进展，重点关注患者血清和组织样本中可用的生物标志物。还讨论了在开发准确的结直肠癌诊断、预后和预测生物标志物方面未来面临的挑战以及验证和患者可接受性的重要性。
