Borges Aline Rocha, López-Serrano Oliver Ana, Gallego-Gallegos Mercedes, Muñoz-Olivas Riansares, Rodrigues Vale Maria Goreti, Cámara Carmen
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Institute, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014 Dec;162(1-3):317-23. doi: 10.1007/s12011-014-0144-z. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
Organotin compounds are highly versatile group of organometallic chemicals used in industrial and agricultural applications. Their endocrine-disrupting effects are well known and their extensive uses as biocide materials, e.g., in antifouling paints, for many years have led to serious environmental problems. So far, attention has mainly been given to tributyltin pollution in water, sediments, and marine organisms because of its highly toxic effects and high accumulation levels at very low concentrations. In this study, we will focus on the conversion of tributyltin after it is absorbed by zebrafish eleutheroembryos, presented here as an alternative model to adult fish for describing bioconcentration. A simplified analytical extraction procedure based on the use of an assisted ultrasonic probe and derivatization by ethylation, followed by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) is proposed. This classical methodology for organotin determination has been validated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (ZGF-AAS) in terms of total tin content. The speciation analysis results show that zebrafish eleutheroembryos absorb high amounts of tributyltin and convert it into monobutyltin and likely in inorganic tin.
有机锡化合物是一类用途广泛的有机金属化学品，应用于工业和农业领域。它们的内分泌干扰作用广为人知，并且作为杀生剂材料，例如在防污涂料中的广泛使用，多年来已导致严重的环境问题。到目前为止，由于三丁基锡在极低浓度下具有高毒性和高积累水平，人们主要关注其在水、沉积物和海洋生物中的污染情况。在本研究中，我们将重点关注三丁基锡被斑马鱼胚胎吸收后的转化情况，这里将斑马鱼胚胎作为描述生物富集的成年鱼替代模型。提出了一种基于辅助超声探头使用和乙基化衍生化，随后采用带有火焰光度检测器的气相色谱法（GC-FPD）的简化分析提取程序。这种用于测定有机锡的经典方法已通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）和塞曼石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（ZGF-AAS）在总锡含量方面进行了验证。形态分析结果表明，斑马鱼胚胎吸收了大量的三丁基锡，并将其转化为单丁基锡，可能还转化为无机锡。
