Piñeiro Bárbara, López-Durán Ana, Fernández del Río Elena, Martínez Úrsula, Brandon Thomas H, Becoña Elisardo
Adicciones. 2014;26(3):230-7.
Craving and nicotine withdrawal syndrome (NWS) are components of the tobacco use disorder in DSM-5. They both appear after smoking cessation or an abrupt reduction in tobacco use, and they are associated with both short and long-term smoking-cessation outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of craving and withdrawal with smoking cessation at the end of the treatment and relapse at 3 months follow-up in a Spanish sample of smokers. The sample comprised 342 smokers (37.7% men; 62.3% women) receiving a cognitive-behavioral treatment for smoking cessation. The assessments of craving and withdrawal were conducted using the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale. Abstainers at the end of the treatment, compared to non abstainers, showed significantly lower post-treatment withdrawal, and post-treatment craving. Furthermore, they had lower scores in pre-treatment nicotine dependence. Among abstainers, craving decreased significantly from pre-cessation levels, while in those participants who did not quit smoking it remained on the same levels. High nicotine dependence was a predictor of smoking at the end of the treatment, whereas high nicotine withdrawal predicted relapse at 3 months. Findings support the robust role of craving and NWS in smoking cessation and relapse, although they differ in their specific patterns of change over time.
渴求与尼古丁戒断综合征（NWS）是《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM - 5）中烟草使用障碍的组成部分。它们均在戒烟或突然减少烟草使用后出现，且与短期和长期戒烟结果相关。本研究的目的是在一组西班牙吸烟者样本中，考察治疗结束时渴求与戒断和戒烟之间的关联，以及在3个月随访时与复吸之间的关联。该样本包括342名接受戒烟认知行为治疗的吸烟者（男性占37.7%；女性占62.3%）。使用明尼苏达尼古丁戒断量表对渴求与戒断进行评估。与未戒烟者相比，治疗结束时的戒烟者在治疗后的戒断症状和渴求程度显著更低。此外，他们在治疗前的尼古丁依赖得分也更低。在戒烟者中，渴求程度从戒烟前水平显著下降，而在那些未戒烟的参与者中，渴求程度保持在相同水平。高尼古丁依赖是治疗结束时吸烟的一个预测因素，而高尼古丁戒断症状则预测3个月时的复吸。研究结果支持了渴求与尼古丁戒断综合征在戒烟和复吸中的重要作用，尽管它们随时间变化的具体模式有所不同。
