Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Addict Behav. 2018 Sep;84:13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.019. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
The Intolerance for Smoking Abstinence Discomfort Questionnaire (IDQ-S) assesses distress tolerance specific to nicotine withdrawal. Though developed to assess withdrawal-related distress, the IDQ-S has not been validated among nicotine-deprived, treatment-seeking smokers. The present study extended previous research by examining the predictive utility of the IDQ-S among abstinent, motivated-to-quit smokers.
Abstinent, treatment-seeking smokers completed the IDQ-S Withdrawal Intolerance and Lack of Cognitive Coping scales, assessments of nicotine dependence and reinforcement, and smoking history at baseline. At baseline and at 24-h, 2-week, and 1-month follow-up, participants completed a smoking cue-reactivity task (collection of cue-elicited craving and negative affect), and assessments of cigarettes per day (CPD; daily diaries at follow-up), carbon monoxide (CO), and cotinine.
Greater IDQ-S Withdrawal Intolerance was associated with younger age, higher nicotine dependence and reinforcement, and less smoking years (ps < .03). Greater IDQ-S Lack of Cognitive Coping was associated with less education, lower nicotine dependence and reinforcement, higher baseline CPD, and no prior quit attempts (ps < .04). IDQ-S scales did not significantly predict cue-elicited craving or negative affect, CPD, CO, or cotinine levels at follow-up (ps > .10).
Withdrawal intolerance and lack of cognitive coping did not predict smoking outcomes among nicotine-deprived, treatment-seeking smokers, but were associated with smoking characteristics, including nicotine dependence and reinforcement. Withdrawal intolerance and lack of cognitive coping may not be especially useful in predicting craving and smoking behavior, but future studies should replicate the present study's findings and assess the stability of the IDQ-S before forming firm conclusions about its predictive utility.
《吸烟戒断不适容忍问卷》（IDQ-S）评估了对尼古丁戒断的特定不适容忍度。虽然该问卷是为评估戒断相关的不适而开发的，但它尚未在尼古丁剥夺、寻求治疗的吸烟者中得到验证。本研究通过检验 IDQ-S 在戒断、有戒烟意愿的吸烟者中的预测效用，扩展了之前的研究。
在基线时，戒断、寻求治疗的吸烟者完成了 IDQ-S 的戒断不耐受和缺乏认知应对量表、尼古丁依赖和强化评估，以及吸烟史。在基线时和 24 小时、2 周和 1 个月的随访时，参与者完成了一个吸烟线索反应性任务（收集线索诱发的渴望和负面情绪），以及每天吸烟量（CPD；随访时的每日日记）、一氧化碳（CO）和可替宁的评估。
IDQ-S 戒断不耐受得分较高与年龄较小、尼古丁依赖和强化程度较高以及吸烟年限较短有关（p 值均<0.03）。IDQ-S 缺乏认知应对得分较高与受教育程度较低、尼古丁依赖和强化程度较低、基线 CPD 较高和无戒烟尝试有关（p 值均<0.04）。IDQ-S 量表在随访时并未显著预测线索诱发的渴望或负面情绪、CPD、CO 或可替宁水平（p 值均>0.10）。
在尼古丁剥夺、寻求治疗的吸烟者中，戒断不耐受和缺乏认知应对不能预测吸烟结果，但与吸烟特征有关，包括尼古丁依赖和强化。戒断不耐受和缺乏认知应对可能对预测渴望和吸烟行为没有特别有用，但未来的研究应该复制本研究的发现，并在对其预测效用形成明确结论之前，评估 IDQ-S 的稳定性。
