Gross Georgina M, Mellin Juliann, Silvia Paul J, Barrantes-Vidal Neus, Kwapil Thomas R
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
Department of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Personal Disord. 2014 Oct;5(4):397-405. doi: 10.1037/per0000090.
Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that captures the expression of schizophrenic symptoms and impairment from subclinical levels to full-blown psychosis. The present study examined the comparability of the factor structure of 2 leading psychometric measures of schizotypy: the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales (WSS) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Both the SPQ and WSS purportedly capture the multidimensional structure of schizotypy; however, whether they are measuring comparable factors has not been empirically demonstrated. This study provided support for a 2-factor model with positive and negative factors underlying the WSS; however, contrary to previous findings, the best fit for the SPQ was for a 4-factor model using confirmatory factor analysis, and a 2-factor model using exploratory factor analysis. The WSS factors were relatively distinct, whereas those underlying the SPQ showed high overlap. The WSS positive and SPQ cognitive-perceptual factors appeared to tap comparable constructs. However, the WSS negative and SPQ interpersonal factors appeared to tap somewhat different constructs based on their correlation and their patterns of associations with other schizotypy dimensions and the Five-Factor Model-suggesting that the SPQ interpersonal factor may not adequately tap negative or deficit schizotypy. Although the SPQ offers the advantage over the WSS of having a disorganization factor, it is not clear that this SPQ factor is actually distinct from positive schizotypy. Existing measures should be used with caution and new measures based on a priori theories are necessary to further understand the factor structure of schizotypy.
分裂型特质是一种多维结构，它涵盖了从亚临床水平到全面发作的精神病的精神分裂症症状和损害的表达。本研究考察了两种主要的分裂型特质心理测量量表的因子结构的可比性：威斯康星分裂型特质量表（WSS）和分裂型人格问卷（SPQ）。SPQ和WSS据称都能捕捉分裂型特质的多维结构；然而，它们是否测量可比的因子尚未得到实证证明。本研究为WSS背后存在积极和消极因子的双因子模型提供了支持；然而，与先前的研究结果相反，使用验证性因子分析时，SPQ的最佳拟合模型是四因子模型，使用探索性因子分析时是双因子模型。WSS的因子相对 distinct，而SPQ背后的因子显示出高度重叠。WSS的积极因子和SPQ的认知-感知因子似乎涉及可比的结构。然而，基于WSS的消极因子和SPQ的人际因子的相关性以及它们与其他分裂型特质维度和五因素模型的关联模式，它们似乎涉及 somewhat different 的结构，这表明SPQ的人际因子可能无法充分捕捉消极或缺陷型分裂型特质。尽管SPQ比WSS具有拥有一个紊乱因子的优势，但尚不清楚这个SPQ因子是否实际上与积极的分裂型特质不同。现有测量方法应谨慎使用，基于先验理论的新测量方法对于进一步理解分裂型特质的因子结构是必要的。
