Tagami Ubuka, Imaizumi Shu
Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
Institute for Education and Human Development, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 12;11:1323. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01323. eCollection 2020.
We visually perceive meaning from stimuli in the external world. There are inter-individual variations in the perception of meaning. A candidate factor to explain this variation is positive schizotypy, which is a personality analogous to positive symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g., visual hallucination). The present study investigated the relationship between positive schizotypy, and the perception of meaning derived from meaningful and meaningless visual stimuli. Positive schizotypy in Japanese female undergraduates ( = 35) was assessed by the Cognitive-Perceptual dimension of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. The participants were asked to report what they saw in noise-degraded images of meaningful objects (Experiment 1) and to respond whether the objects were meaningful (Experiment 2A) and which paired objects were meaningful (Experiment 2B). Positive schizotypy (i.e., Cognitive-Perceptual score) did not correlate with time to detect meaningful objects, and with false-alarm rates, sensitivity, and response criterion in the perception of meaning from meaningful and meaningless stimuli. These results were against our hypothesis and contradicted previous findings. The inconsistencies are discussed in terms of different methods (e.g., stimulus category) and conditions (e.g., paranormal beliefs).
我们从外部世界的刺激中视觉感知意义。在意义感知方面存在个体差异。一个解释这种差异的候选因素是阳性分裂型人格特质，它是一种与精神分裂症阳性症状（如幻视）类似的人格特征。本研究调查了阳性分裂型人格特质与从有意义和无意义视觉刺激中获得的意义感知之间的关系。通过分裂型人格问卷的认知-感知维度对35名日本女大学生的阳性分裂型人格特质进行了评估。要求参与者报告他们在有意义物体的噪声退化图像中看到了什么（实验1），并回答物体是否有意义（实验2A）以及哪些配对物体有意义（实验2B）。阳性分裂型人格特质（即认知-感知得分）与检测有意义物体的时间、以及从有意义和无意义刺激中感知意义时的误报率、敏感性和反应标准均无相关性。这些结果与我们的假设相悖，也与之前的研究结果相矛盾。从不同方法（如刺激类别）和条件（如超自然信念）的角度对这些不一致之处进行了讨论。
